Analyzing Temporal Trends of Urban Evaporation Using Generalized Additive Models
This study aimed to gain new insights into urban hydrological balance (in particular, the evaporation from paved surfaces). Hourly evaporation data were obtained simultaneously from two high-resolution weighable lysimeters. These lysimeters are covered in two pavement sealing types commonly used for...
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MDPI AG
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Land |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/11/4/508 |
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| author | Basem Aljoumani Jose A. Sanchez-Espigares Björn Kluge Gerd Wessolek Birgit Kleinschmit |
| author_facet | Basem Aljoumani Jose A. Sanchez-Espigares Björn Kluge Gerd Wessolek Birgit Kleinschmit |
| author_sort | Basem Aljoumani |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study aimed to gain new insights into urban hydrological balance (in particular, the evaporation from paved surfaces). Hourly evaporation data were obtained simultaneously from two high-resolution weighable lysimeters. These lysimeters are covered in two pavement sealing types commonly used for sidewalks in Berlin, namely cobble-stones and concrete slabs. A paired experiment in field conditions is designed to determine the mechanism by which these two types of soil sealing affect the evaporation rate under the same climatic conditions. A generalized additive model (GAM) is applied to explain how the climatic conditions interact with soil sealing and to evaluate the variation of evaporation rate according to pavement type. Moreover, taking the advantage of the fact that the experimental design is paired, the study fits a new GAM where the response variable is the difference between the evaporation rate from the two lysimeters and its explanatory variables are the climatic conditions. As a result, under the same climatic conditions, cobble-stones are more prone to increasing the evaporation rate than concrete slabs when the precipitation accumulated over 10 h, solar radiation, and wind speed increases. On the other hand, concrete slabs are more inclined to increase the evaporation rate than cobblestones when the relative humidity increases. GAM represents a robust modeling approach for comparing different sealing types in order to understand how they alter the hydrological balance. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:30:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4d84e9008f92425fb72e6f5f18864941 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-445X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:30:44Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Land |
| spelling | doaj.art-4d84e9008f92425fb72e6f5f188649412023-12-03T13:36:04ZengMDPI AGLand2073-445X2022-03-0111450810.3390/land11040508Analyzing Temporal Trends of Urban Evaporation Using Generalized Additive ModelsBasem Aljoumani0Jose A. Sanchez-Espigares1Björn Kluge2Gerd Wessolek3Birgit Kleinschmit4Geoinformation in Environmental Planning Lab, Department of Landscape Architecture and Environmental Planning, Technische Universität Berlin, 10587 Berlin, GermanyDepartment of Statistical and Operational Research, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Jordi Girona, 31, 08034 Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Ecology, Ecohydrology and Landscape Evaluation, Technische Universität Berlin, 10587 Berlin, GermanyDepartment of Ecology, Soil Conservation, Technische Universität Berlin, 10587 Berlin, GermanyGeoinformation in Environmental Planning Lab, Department of Landscape Architecture and Environmental Planning, Technische Universität Berlin, 10587 Berlin, GermanyThis study aimed to gain new insights into urban hydrological balance (in particular, the evaporation from paved surfaces). Hourly evaporation data were obtained simultaneously from two high-resolution weighable lysimeters. These lysimeters are covered in two pavement sealing types commonly used for sidewalks in Berlin, namely cobble-stones and concrete slabs. A paired experiment in field conditions is designed to determine the mechanism by which these two types of soil sealing affect the evaporation rate under the same climatic conditions. A generalized additive model (GAM) is applied to explain how the climatic conditions interact with soil sealing and to evaluate the variation of evaporation rate according to pavement type. Moreover, taking the advantage of the fact that the experimental design is paired, the study fits a new GAM where the response variable is the difference between the evaporation rate from the two lysimeters and its explanatory variables are the climatic conditions. As a result, under the same climatic conditions, cobble-stones are more prone to increasing the evaporation rate than concrete slabs when the precipitation accumulated over 10 h, solar radiation, and wind speed increases. On the other hand, concrete slabs are more inclined to increase the evaporation rate than cobblestones when the relative humidity increases. GAM represents a robust modeling approach for comparing different sealing types in order to understand how they alter the hydrological balance.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/11/4/508urban evaporationurban lysimetergeneralized additive models (GAMs)time series analysispavement urban hydrological balance |
| spellingShingle | Basem Aljoumani Jose A. Sanchez-Espigares Björn Kluge Gerd Wessolek Birgit Kleinschmit Analyzing Temporal Trends of Urban Evaporation Using Generalized Additive Models Land urban evaporation urban lysimeter generalized additive models (GAMs) time series analysis pavement urban hydrological balance |
| title | Analyzing Temporal Trends of Urban Evaporation Using Generalized Additive Models |
| title_full | Analyzing Temporal Trends of Urban Evaporation Using Generalized Additive Models |
| title_fullStr | Analyzing Temporal Trends of Urban Evaporation Using Generalized Additive Models |
| title_full_unstemmed | Analyzing Temporal Trends of Urban Evaporation Using Generalized Additive Models |
| title_short | Analyzing Temporal Trends of Urban Evaporation Using Generalized Additive Models |
| title_sort | analyzing temporal trends of urban evaporation using generalized additive models |
| topic | urban evaporation urban lysimeter generalized additive models (GAMs) time series analysis pavement urban hydrological balance |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/11/4/508 |
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