The Microbiome and Irritable Bowel Syndrome – A Review on the Pathophysiology, Current Research and Future Therapy
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional disorder which affects a large proportion of the population globally. The precise etiology of IBS is still unknown, although consensus understanding proposes IBS to be of multifactorial origin with yet undefined subtypes. Genetic and epigenetic factors,...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2019-06-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2019.01136/full |
| _version_ | 1818308582133727232 |
|---|---|
| author | Pei Pei Chong Voon Kin Chin Chung Yeng Looi Won Fen Wong Priya Madhavan Voon Chen Yong |
| author_facet | Pei Pei Chong Voon Kin Chin Chung Yeng Looi Won Fen Wong Priya Madhavan Voon Chen Yong |
| author_sort | Pei Pei Chong |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional disorder which affects a large proportion of the population globally. The precise etiology of IBS is still unknown, although consensus understanding proposes IBS to be of multifactorial origin with yet undefined subtypes. Genetic and epigenetic factors, stress-related nervous and endocrine systems, immune dysregulation and the brain-gut axis seem to be contributing factors that predispose individuals to IBS. In addition to food hypersensitivity, toxins and adverse life events, chronic infections and dysbiotic gut microbiota have been suggested to trigger IBS symptoms in tandem with the predisposing factors. This review will summarize the pathophysiology of IBS and the role of gut microbiota in relation to IBS. Current methodologies for microbiome studies in IBS such as genome sequencing, metagenomics, culturomics and animal models will be discussed. The myriad of therapy options such as immunoglobulins (immune-based therapy), probiotics and prebiotics, dietary modifications including FODMAP restriction diet and gluten-free diet, as well as fecal transplantation will be reviewed. Finally this review will highlight future directions in IBS therapy research, including identification of new molecular targets, application of 3-D gut model, gut-on-a-chip and personalized therapy. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T07:16:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4d9017e09b224be19afd587c744fe592 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-302X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T07:16:34Z |
| publishDate | 2019-06-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-4d9017e09b224be19afd587c744fe5922022-12-21T23:55:32ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2019-06-011010.3389/fmicb.2019.01136424646The Microbiome and Irritable Bowel Syndrome – A Review on the Pathophysiology, Current Research and Future TherapyPei Pei Chong0Voon Kin Chin1Chung Yeng Looi2Won Fen Wong3Priya Madhavan4Voon Chen Yong5School of Biosciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, MalaysiaSchool of Biosciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, MalaysiaSchool of Biosciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, MalaysiaDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaSchool of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, MalaysiaSchool of Biosciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, MalaysiaIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional disorder which affects a large proportion of the population globally. The precise etiology of IBS is still unknown, although consensus understanding proposes IBS to be of multifactorial origin with yet undefined subtypes. Genetic and epigenetic factors, stress-related nervous and endocrine systems, immune dysregulation and the brain-gut axis seem to be contributing factors that predispose individuals to IBS. In addition to food hypersensitivity, toxins and adverse life events, chronic infections and dysbiotic gut microbiota have been suggested to trigger IBS symptoms in tandem with the predisposing factors. This review will summarize the pathophysiology of IBS and the role of gut microbiota in relation to IBS. Current methodologies for microbiome studies in IBS such as genome sequencing, metagenomics, culturomics and animal models will be discussed. The myriad of therapy options such as immunoglobulins (immune-based therapy), probiotics and prebiotics, dietary modifications including FODMAP restriction diet and gluten-free diet, as well as fecal transplantation will be reviewed. Finally this review will highlight future directions in IBS therapy research, including identification of new molecular targets, application of 3-D gut model, gut-on-a-chip and personalized therapy.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2019.01136/fullirritable bowel syndromemicrobiomemicrobiota dysbiosisfecal transplantIBS animal model |
| spellingShingle | Pei Pei Chong Voon Kin Chin Chung Yeng Looi Won Fen Wong Priya Madhavan Voon Chen Yong The Microbiome and Irritable Bowel Syndrome – A Review on the Pathophysiology, Current Research and Future Therapy Frontiers in Microbiology irritable bowel syndrome microbiome microbiota dysbiosis fecal transplant IBS animal model |
| title | The Microbiome and Irritable Bowel Syndrome – A Review on the Pathophysiology, Current Research and Future Therapy |
| title_full | The Microbiome and Irritable Bowel Syndrome – A Review on the Pathophysiology, Current Research and Future Therapy |
| title_fullStr | The Microbiome and Irritable Bowel Syndrome – A Review on the Pathophysiology, Current Research and Future Therapy |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Microbiome and Irritable Bowel Syndrome – A Review on the Pathophysiology, Current Research and Future Therapy |
| title_short | The Microbiome and Irritable Bowel Syndrome – A Review on the Pathophysiology, Current Research and Future Therapy |
| title_sort | microbiome and irritable bowel syndrome a review on the pathophysiology current research and future therapy |
| topic | irritable bowel syndrome microbiome microbiota dysbiosis fecal transplant IBS animal model |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2019.01136/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT peipeichong themicrobiomeandirritablebowelsyndromeareviewonthepathophysiologycurrentresearchandfuturetherapy AT voonkinchin themicrobiomeandirritablebowelsyndromeareviewonthepathophysiologycurrentresearchandfuturetherapy AT chungyenglooi themicrobiomeandirritablebowelsyndromeareviewonthepathophysiologycurrentresearchandfuturetherapy AT wonfenwong themicrobiomeandirritablebowelsyndromeareviewonthepathophysiologycurrentresearchandfuturetherapy AT priyamadhavan themicrobiomeandirritablebowelsyndromeareviewonthepathophysiologycurrentresearchandfuturetherapy AT voonchenyong themicrobiomeandirritablebowelsyndromeareviewonthepathophysiologycurrentresearchandfuturetherapy AT peipeichong microbiomeandirritablebowelsyndromeareviewonthepathophysiologycurrentresearchandfuturetherapy AT voonkinchin microbiomeandirritablebowelsyndromeareviewonthepathophysiologycurrentresearchandfuturetherapy AT chungyenglooi microbiomeandirritablebowelsyndromeareviewonthepathophysiologycurrentresearchandfuturetherapy AT wonfenwong microbiomeandirritablebowelsyndromeareviewonthepathophysiologycurrentresearchandfuturetherapy AT priyamadhavan microbiomeandirritablebowelsyndromeareviewonthepathophysiologycurrentresearchandfuturetherapy AT voonchenyong microbiomeandirritablebowelsyndromeareviewonthepathophysiologycurrentresearchandfuturetherapy |