The first study on urinary loss of iron and transferrin in association with proteinuria in dogs with chronic kidney disease
Background and Aim: Anemia is an important factor in surviving chronic kidney disease (CKD). Anemia in CKD is associated with various factors, such as inadequate production of erythropoietin and the availability of iron and its binding protein. Reduced total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) and iron con...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Veterinary World
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Veterinary World |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.16/January-2023/19.pdf |
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| author | Nawat Sannamwong Chollada Buranakarl Saikaew Sutayatram Monkon Trisiriroj Thasinas Dissayabutra |
| author_facet | Nawat Sannamwong Chollada Buranakarl Saikaew Sutayatram Monkon Trisiriroj Thasinas Dissayabutra |
| author_sort | Nawat Sannamwong |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background and Aim: Anemia is an important factor in surviving chronic kidney disease (CKD). Anemia in CKD is associated with various factors, such as inadequate production of erythropoietin and the availability of iron and its binding protein. Reduced total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) and iron concentrations may be related to their urinary loss along with proteinuria. This study aimed to determine the urinary loss of iron and transferrin (TF) in relation to the degree of proteinuria.
Materials and Methods: The study was performed on 37 dogs with CKD. Dogs were divided according to the severity of proteinuria into two groups based on the mean of urinary protein–creatinine (UPC) ratio into UPC ratio <4 and UPC ratio >4. The hematocrit (HCT), blood chemistries, plasma iron, plasma TF, UPC ratio, urinary iron per creatinine ratio (U-Iron/ CR), and urinary TF per creatinine ratio (U-TF/CR) were evaluated.
Results: Anemia was associated with the severity of renal impairment as demonstrated by reduction of HCT when staging of CKD was higher. Dogs with UPC ratio >4 had higher urinary loss of both U-Iron/CR (p < 0.01) and U-TF/CR (p < 0.001) with lower plasma TIBC (p < 0.001). The UPC ratio was positively correlated with both U-Iron/CR (r = 0.710, p < 0.001) and U-TF/CR (r = 0.730, p < 0.001) but negatively with TIBC (r = –0.462, p < 0.01).
Conclusion: Proteinuria was associated with urinary loss of both iron and TF which may contribute to anemia in CKD. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T20:11:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4d961b43ae8247eeb051b5720f619193 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0972-8988 2231-0916 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T20:11:07Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | Veterinary World |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Veterinary World |
| spelling | doaj.art-4d961b43ae8247eeb051b5720f6191932023-01-26T10:55:40ZengVeterinary WorldVeterinary World0972-89882231-09162023-01-0116115416010.14202/vetworld.2023.154-160The first study on urinary loss of iron and transferrin in association with proteinuria in dogs with chronic kidney diseaseNawat Sannamwong0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8240-9568Chollada Buranakarl1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0831-2896Saikaew Sutayatram2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8140-9523Monkon Trisiriroj3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5070-1302Thasinas Dissayabutra4https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7066-0870Residency Program in Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; The Small Animal Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.The Small Animal Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.STAR Unit of Renal Biochemistry and Stone Disease, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.Background and Aim: Anemia is an important factor in surviving chronic kidney disease (CKD). Anemia in CKD is associated with various factors, such as inadequate production of erythropoietin and the availability of iron and its binding protein. Reduced total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) and iron concentrations may be related to their urinary loss along with proteinuria. This study aimed to determine the urinary loss of iron and transferrin (TF) in relation to the degree of proteinuria. Materials and Methods: The study was performed on 37 dogs with CKD. Dogs were divided according to the severity of proteinuria into two groups based on the mean of urinary protein–creatinine (UPC) ratio into UPC ratio <4 and UPC ratio >4. The hematocrit (HCT), blood chemistries, plasma iron, plasma TF, UPC ratio, urinary iron per creatinine ratio (U-Iron/ CR), and urinary TF per creatinine ratio (U-TF/CR) were evaluated. Results: Anemia was associated with the severity of renal impairment as demonstrated by reduction of HCT when staging of CKD was higher. Dogs with UPC ratio >4 had higher urinary loss of both U-Iron/CR (p < 0.01) and U-TF/CR (p < 0.001) with lower plasma TIBC (p < 0.001). The UPC ratio was positively correlated with both U-Iron/CR (r = 0.710, p < 0.001) and U-TF/CR (r = 0.730, p < 0.001) but negatively with TIBC (r = –0.462, p < 0.01). Conclusion: Proteinuria was associated with urinary loss of both iron and TF which may contribute to anemia in CKD.http://www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.16/January-2023/19.pdfdogironproteinuriatotal iron-binding capacitytransferrin |
| spellingShingle | Nawat Sannamwong Chollada Buranakarl Saikaew Sutayatram Monkon Trisiriroj Thasinas Dissayabutra The first study on urinary loss of iron and transferrin in association with proteinuria in dogs with chronic kidney disease Veterinary World dog iron proteinuria total iron-binding capacity transferrin |
| title | The first study on urinary loss of iron and transferrin in association with proteinuria in dogs with chronic kidney disease |
| title_full | The first study on urinary loss of iron and transferrin in association with proteinuria in dogs with chronic kidney disease |
| title_fullStr | The first study on urinary loss of iron and transferrin in association with proteinuria in dogs with chronic kidney disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | The first study on urinary loss of iron and transferrin in association with proteinuria in dogs with chronic kidney disease |
| title_short | The first study on urinary loss of iron and transferrin in association with proteinuria in dogs with chronic kidney disease |
| title_sort | first study on urinary loss of iron and transferrin in association with proteinuria in dogs with chronic kidney disease |
| topic | dog iron proteinuria total iron-binding capacity transferrin |
| url | http://www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.16/January-2023/19.pdf |
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