Synergistic In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Triton X-100 and Metformin against <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> in Normal and High-Glucose Conditions
The prevention and treatment of oral diseases is more difficult in diabetic patients with poorly controlled blood glucose levels. This study aims to explore an effective, low-cytotoxicity medication for root canal treatment in diabetic patients. The antibacterial effect of the combination of Triton...
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/10/1/124 |
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| author | Xinling He Siqi Jin Wei Fan Bing Fan |
| author_facet | Xinling He Siqi Jin Wei Fan Bing Fan |
| author_sort | Xinling He |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The prevention and treatment of oral diseases is more difficult in diabetic patients with poorly controlled blood glucose levels. This study aims to explore an effective, low-cytotoxicity medication for root canal treatment in diabetic patients. The antibacterial effect of the combination of Triton X-100 (TX-100) and metformin (Met) on <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> (<i>E. faecalis</i>) was evaluated by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration required to kill 99% bacteria (MBC<sub>99</sub>) and by conducting dynamic time-killing assays. While the antibiofilm activity was measured by crystal violet (CV) assay, field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) and colony-forming unit (CFU) counting assays. The expression of relative genes was evaluated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and the cytotoxicity of the new combination on MC3T3-E1 cell was also tested. Results showed that the antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of Met could be significantly enhanced by very low concentrations of TX-100 in both normal and high-glucose conditions, with a much lower cytotoxicity than 2% chlorhexidine (CHX). Thus, the TX-100 + Met combination may be developed as a promising and effective root canal disinfectant for patients with diabetes. |
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| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:52:45Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-4d971a5c55324505a0a88e2b5503dea82023-11-23T14:47:42ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072022-01-0110112410.3390/microorganisms10010124Synergistic In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Triton X-100 and Metformin against <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> in Normal and High-Glucose ConditionsXinling He0Siqi Jin1Wei Fan2Bing Fan3The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, ChinaThe State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, ChinaThe State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, ChinaThe State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, ChinaThe prevention and treatment of oral diseases is more difficult in diabetic patients with poorly controlled blood glucose levels. This study aims to explore an effective, low-cytotoxicity medication for root canal treatment in diabetic patients. The antibacterial effect of the combination of Triton X-100 (TX-100) and metformin (Met) on <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> (<i>E. faecalis</i>) was evaluated by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration required to kill 99% bacteria (MBC<sub>99</sub>) and by conducting dynamic time-killing assays. While the antibiofilm activity was measured by crystal violet (CV) assay, field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) and colony-forming unit (CFU) counting assays. The expression of relative genes was evaluated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and the cytotoxicity of the new combination on MC3T3-E1 cell was also tested. Results showed that the antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of Met could be significantly enhanced by very low concentrations of TX-100 in both normal and high-glucose conditions, with a much lower cytotoxicity than 2% chlorhexidine (CHX). Thus, the TX-100 + Met combination may be developed as a promising and effective root canal disinfectant for patients with diabetes.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/10/1/124antimicrobial activitydentinal tubules<i>Enterococcus faecalis</i>high-glucose conditionmetforminTriton X-100 |
| spellingShingle | Xinling He Siqi Jin Wei Fan Bing Fan Synergistic In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Triton X-100 and Metformin against <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> in Normal and High-Glucose Conditions Microorganisms antimicrobial activity dentinal tubules <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> high-glucose condition metformin Triton X-100 |
| title | Synergistic In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Triton X-100 and Metformin against <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> in Normal and High-Glucose Conditions |
| title_full | Synergistic In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Triton X-100 and Metformin against <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> in Normal and High-Glucose Conditions |
| title_fullStr | Synergistic In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Triton X-100 and Metformin against <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> in Normal and High-Glucose Conditions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Synergistic In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Triton X-100 and Metformin against <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> in Normal and High-Glucose Conditions |
| title_short | Synergistic In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Triton X-100 and Metformin against <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> in Normal and High-Glucose Conditions |
| title_sort | synergistic in vitro antimicrobial activity of triton x 100 and metformin against i enterococcus faecalis i in normal and high glucose conditions |
| topic | antimicrobial activity dentinal tubules <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> high-glucose condition metformin Triton X-100 |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/10/1/124 |
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