Sol–Gel-Derived Glass-Ceramic Photorefractive Films for Photonic Structures
Glass photonics are widespread, from everyday objects around us to high-tech specialized devices. Among different technologies, sol–gel synthesis allows for nanoscale materials engineering by exploiting its unique structures, such as transparent glass-ceramics, to tailor optical and electromagnetic...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2017-02-01
|
| Series: | Crystals |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/7/2/61 |
| _version_ | 1797999800475451392 |
|---|---|
| author | Anna Lukowiak Lidia Zur Thi Ngoc Lam Tran Marcello Meneghetti Simone Berneschi Gualtiero Nunzi Conti Stefano Pelli Cosimo Trono B.N. Shivakiran Bhaktha Daniele Zonta Stefano Taccheo Giancarlo C. Righini Maurizio Ferrari |
| author_facet | Anna Lukowiak Lidia Zur Thi Ngoc Lam Tran Marcello Meneghetti Simone Berneschi Gualtiero Nunzi Conti Stefano Pelli Cosimo Trono B.N. Shivakiran Bhaktha Daniele Zonta Stefano Taccheo Giancarlo C. Righini Maurizio Ferrari |
| author_sort | Anna Lukowiak |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Glass photonics are widespread, from everyday objects around us to high-tech specialized devices. Among different technologies, sol–gel synthesis allows for nanoscale materials engineering by exploiting its unique structures, such as transparent glass-ceramics, to tailor optical and electromagnetic properties and to boost photon-management yield. Here, we briefly discuss the state of the technology and show that the choice of the sol–gel as a synthesis method brings the advantage of process versatility regarding materials composition and ease of implementation. In this context, we present tin-dioxide–silica (SnO2–SiO2) glass-ceramic waveguides activated by europium ions (Eu3+). The focus is on the photorefractive properties of this system because its photoluminescence properties have already been discussed in the papers presented in the bibliography. The main findings include the high photosensitivity of sol–gel 25SnO2:75SiO2 glass-ceramic waveguides; the ultraviolet (UV)-induced refractive index change (Δn ~ −1.6 × 10−3), the easy fabrication process, and the low propagation losses (0.5 ± 0.2 dB/cm), that make this glass-ceramic an interesting photonic material for smart optical applications. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T11:10:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4dadcc6b32044afc8da5202d78fd7d35 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4352 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T11:10:31Z |
| publishDate | 2017-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Crystals |
| spelling | doaj.art-4dadcc6b32044afc8da5202d78fd7d352022-12-22T04:27:30ZengMDPI AGCrystals2073-43522017-02-01726110.3390/cryst7020061cryst7020061Sol–Gel-Derived Glass-Ceramic Photorefractive Films for Photonic StructuresAnna Lukowiak0Lidia Zur1Thi Ngoc Lam Tran2Marcello Meneghetti3Simone Berneschi4Gualtiero Nunzi Conti5Stefano Pelli6Cosimo Trono7B.N. Shivakiran Bhaktha8Daniele Zonta9Stefano Taccheo10Giancarlo C. Righini11Maurizio Ferrari12Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, PAS, 2 Okolna St., 50-422 Wroclaw, PolandCentro di Studi e Ricerche “Enrico Fermi”, Piazza del Viminale 1, 00184 Roma, ItalyIFN-CNR CSMFO Lab., and FBK Photonics Unit via alla Cascata 56/C Povo, 38123 Trento, ItalyIFN-CNR CSMFO Lab., and FBK Photonics Unit via alla Cascata 56/C Povo, 38123 Trento, ItalyCNR-IFAC Via Madonna del Piano, 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, ItalyCNR-IFAC Via Madonna del Piano, 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, ItalyCNR-IFAC Via Madonna del Piano, 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, ItalyCNR-IFAC Via Madonna del Piano, 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, ItalyDepartment of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, IndiaCentro di Studi e Ricerche “Enrico Fermi”, Piazza del Viminale 1, 00184 Roma, ItalyCollege of Engineering, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UKCentro di Studi e Ricerche “Enrico Fermi”, Piazza del Viminale 1, 00184 Roma, ItalyCentro di Studi e Ricerche “Enrico Fermi”, Piazza del Viminale 1, 00184 Roma, ItalyGlass photonics are widespread, from everyday objects around us to high-tech specialized devices. Among different technologies, sol–gel synthesis allows for nanoscale materials engineering by exploiting its unique structures, such as transparent glass-ceramics, to tailor optical and electromagnetic properties and to boost photon-management yield. Here, we briefly discuss the state of the technology and show that the choice of the sol–gel as a synthesis method brings the advantage of process versatility regarding materials composition and ease of implementation. In this context, we present tin-dioxide–silica (SnO2–SiO2) glass-ceramic waveguides activated by europium ions (Eu3+). The focus is on the photorefractive properties of this system because its photoluminescence properties have already been discussed in the papers presented in the bibliography. The main findings include the high photosensitivity of sol–gel 25SnO2:75SiO2 glass-ceramic waveguides; the ultraviolet (UV)-induced refractive index change (Δn ~ −1.6 × 10−3), the easy fabrication process, and the low propagation losses (0.5 ± 0.2 dB/cm), that make this glass-ceramic an interesting photonic material for smart optical applications.http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/7/2/61sol–gelSnO2–SiO2transparent glass-ceramicsphotorefractivityplanar waveguidesattenuation coefficientLorentz–Lorenz formula |
| spellingShingle | Anna Lukowiak Lidia Zur Thi Ngoc Lam Tran Marcello Meneghetti Simone Berneschi Gualtiero Nunzi Conti Stefano Pelli Cosimo Trono B.N. Shivakiran Bhaktha Daniele Zonta Stefano Taccheo Giancarlo C. Righini Maurizio Ferrari Sol–Gel-Derived Glass-Ceramic Photorefractive Films for Photonic Structures Crystals sol–gel SnO2–SiO2 transparent glass-ceramics photorefractivity planar waveguides attenuation coefficient Lorentz–Lorenz formula |
| title | Sol–Gel-Derived Glass-Ceramic Photorefractive Films for Photonic Structures |
| title_full | Sol–Gel-Derived Glass-Ceramic Photorefractive Films for Photonic Structures |
| title_fullStr | Sol–Gel-Derived Glass-Ceramic Photorefractive Films for Photonic Structures |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sol–Gel-Derived Glass-Ceramic Photorefractive Films for Photonic Structures |
| title_short | Sol–Gel-Derived Glass-Ceramic Photorefractive Films for Photonic Structures |
| title_sort | sol gel derived glass ceramic photorefractive films for photonic structures |
| topic | sol–gel SnO2–SiO2 transparent glass-ceramics photorefractivity planar waveguides attenuation coefficient Lorentz–Lorenz formula |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/7/2/61 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT annalukowiak solgelderivedglassceramicphotorefractivefilmsforphotonicstructures AT lidiazur solgelderivedglassceramicphotorefractivefilmsforphotonicstructures AT thingoclamtran solgelderivedglassceramicphotorefractivefilmsforphotonicstructures AT marcellomeneghetti solgelderivedglassceramicphotorefractivefilmsforphotonicstructures AT simoneberneschi solgelderivedglassceramicphotorefractivefilmsforphotonicstructures AT gualtieronunziconti solgelderivedglassceramicphotorefractivefilmsforphotonicstructures AT stefanopelli solgelderivedglassceramicphotorefractivefilmsforphotonicstructures AT cosimotrono solgelderivedglassceramicphotorefractivefilmsforphotonicstructures AT bnshivakiranbhaktha solgelderivedglassceramicphotorefractivefilmsforphotonicstructures AT danielezonta solgelderivedglassceramicphotorefractivefilmsforphotonicstructures AT stefanotaccheo solgelderivedglassceramicphotorefractivefilmsforphotonicstructures AT giancarlocrighini solgelderivedglassceramicphotorefractivefilmsforphotonicstructures AT maurizioferrari solgelderivedglassceramicphotorefractivefilmsforphotonicstructures |