Fabrication of Eco-Friendly Hydrolyzed Ethylene–Maleic Anhydride Copolymer–Avermectin Nanoemulsion with High Stability, Adhesion Property, pH, and Temperature-Responsive Releasing Behaviors
In this study, novel amphiphilic polymer emulsifiers for avermectin (Avm) were synthesized facilely via the hydrolysis of ethylene-maleic anhydride copolymer (EMA) with different agents, and their structures were confirmed by various techniques. Then, water-based Avm-nanoemulsions were fabricated wi...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2024-03-01
|
| Series: | Molecules |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/5/1148 |
| _version_ | 1797264079015903232 |
|---|---|
| author | Yuxin Cheng Zeyu Pan Liming Tang Yanbin Huang Wantai Yang |
| author_facet | Yuxin Cheng Zeyu Pan Liming Tang Yanbin Huang Wantai Yang |
| author_sort | Yuxin Cheng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this study, novel amphiphilic polymer emulsifiers for avermectin (Avm) were synthesized facilely via the hydrolysis of ethylene-maleic anhydride copolymer (EMA) with different agents, and their structures were confirmed by various techniques. Then, water-based Avm-nanoemulsions were fabricated with the emulsifiers via phase inversion emulsification process, and superior emulsifier was selected via the emulsification effects. Using the superior emulsifier, an optimal Avm-nanoemulsion (defined as Avm@HEMA) with satisfying particle size of 156.8 ± 4.9 nm, encapsulation efficiency (EE) of 69.72 ± 4.01% and drug loading capacity (DLC) of 54.93 ± 1.12% was constructed based on response surface methodology (RSM). Owing to the emulsifier, the Avm@HEMA showed a series of advantages, including high stability, ultraviolet resistance, low surface tension, good spreading and high affinity to different leaves. Additionally, compared to pure Avm and Avm-emulsifiable concentrate (Avm-EC), Avm@HEMA displayed a controlled releasing feature. The encapsulated Avm was released quite slowly at normal conditions (pH 7.0, 25 °C or 15 °C) but could be released at an accelerated rate in weak acid (pH 5.5) or weak alkali (pH 8.5) media or at high temperature (40 °C). The drug releasing profiles of Avm@HEMA fit the Korsmeyer–Peppas model quite well at pH 7.0 and 25 °C (controlled by Fickian diffusion) and at pH 7.0 and 10 °C (controlled by non-Fickian diffusion), while it fits the logistic model under other conditions (pH 5.5 and 25 °C, pH 8.5 and 25 °C, pH 7.0 and 40 °C). |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-25T00:23:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4db7046228034c70be76fc5ed8045afd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-25T00:23:11Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-4db7046228034c70be76fc5ed8045afd2024-03-12T16:51:16ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492024-03-01295114810.3390/molecules29051148Fabrication of Eco-Friendly Hydrolyzed Ethylene–Maleic Anhydride Copolymer–Avermectin Nanoemulsion with High Stability, Adhesion Property, pH, and Temperature-Responsive Releasing BehaviorsYuxin Cheng0Zeyu Pan1Liming Tang2Yanbin Huang3Wantai Yang4Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaKey Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaKey Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaKey Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaKey Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaIn this study, novel amphiphilic polymer emulsifiers for avermectin (Avm) were synthesized facilely via the hydrolysis of ethylene-maleic anhydride copolymer (EMA) with different agents, and their structures were confirmed by various techniques. Then, water-based Avm-nanoemulsions were fabricated with the emulsifiers via phase inversion emulsification process, and superior emulsifier was selected via the emulsification effects. Using the superior emulsifier, an optimal Avm-nanoemulsion (defined as Avm@HEMA) with satisfying particle size of 156.8 ± 4.9 nm, encapsulation efficiency (EE) of 69.72 ± 4.01% and drug loading capacity (DLC) of 54.93 ± 1.12% was constructed based on response surface methodology (RSM). Owing to the emulsifier, the Avm@HEMA showed a series of advantages, including high stability, ultraviolet resistance, low surface tension, good spreading and high affinity to different leaves. Additionally, compared to pure Avm and Avm-emulsifiable concentrate (Avm-EC), Avm@HEMA displayed a controlled releasing feature. The encapsulated Avm was released quite slowly at normal conditions (pH 7.0, 25 °C or 15 °C) but could be released at an accelerated rate in weak acid (pH 5.5) or weak alkali (pH 8.5) media or at high temperature (40 °C). The drug releasing profiles of Avm@HEMA fit the Korsmeyer–Peppas model quite well at pH 7.0 and 25 °C (controlled by Fickian diffusion) and at pH 7.0 and 10 °C (controlled by non-Fickian diffusion), while it fits the logistic model under other conditions (pH 5.5 and 25 °C, pH 8.5 and 25 °C, pH 7.0 and 40 °C).https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/5/1148ethylene–maleic anhydride copolymeravermectinphase inversion emulsificationresponse surface methodologynanopesticide |
| spellingShingle | Yuxin Cheng Zeyu Pan Liming Tang Yanbin Huang Wantai Yang Fabrication of Eco-Friendly Hydrolyzed Ethylene–Maleic Anhydride Copolymer–Avermectin Nanoemulsion with High Stability, Adhesion Property, pH, and Temperature-Responsive Releasing Behaviors Molecules ethylene–maleic anhydride copolymer avermectin phase inversion emulsification response surface methodology nanopesticide |
| title | Fabrication of Eco-Friendly Hydrolyzed Ethylene–Maleic Anhydride Copolymer–Avermectin Nanoemulsion with High Stability, Adhesion Property, pH, and Temperature-Responsive Releasing Behaviors |
| title_full | Fabrication of Eco-Friendly Hydrolyzed Ethylene–Maleic Anhydride Copolymer–Avermectin Nanoemulsion with High Stability, Adhesion Property, pH, and Temperature-Responsive Releasing Behaviors |
| title_fullStr | Fabrication of Eco-Friendly Hydrolyzed Ethylene–Maleic Anhydride Copolymer–Avermectin Nanoemulsion with High Stability, Adhesion Property, pH, and Temperature-Responsive Releasing Behaviors |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fabrication of Eco-Friendly Hydrolyzed Ethylene–Maleic Anhydride Copolymer–Avermectin Nanoemulsion with High Stability, Adhesion Property, pH, and Temperature-Responsive Releasing Behaviors |
| title_short | Fabrication of Eco-Friendly Hydrolyzed Ethylene–Maleic Anhydride Copolymer–Avermectin Nanoemulsion with High Stability, Adhesion Property, pH, and Temperature-Responsive Releasing Behaviors |
| title_sort | fabrication of eco friendly hydrolyzed ethylene maleic anhydride copolymer avermectin nanoemulsion with high stability adhesion property ph and temperature responsive releasing behaviors |
| topic | ethylene–maleic anhydride copolymer avermectin phase inversion emulsification response surface methodology nanopesticide |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/5/1148 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yuxincheng fabricationofecofriendlyhydrolyzedethylenemaleicanhydridecopolymeravermectinnanoemulsionwithhighstabilityadhesionpropertyphandtemperatureresponsivereleasingbehaviors AT zeyupan fabricationofecofriendlyhydrolyzedethylenemaleicanhydridecopolymeravermectinnanoemulsionwithhighstabilityadhesionpropertyphandtemperatureresponsivereleasingbehaviors AT limingtang fabricationofecofriendlyhydrolyzedethylenemaleicanhydridecopolymeravermectinnanoemulsionwithhighstabilityadhesionpropertyphandtemperatureresponsivereleasingbehaviors AT yanbinhuang fabricationofecofriendlyhydrolyzedethylenemaleicanhydridecopolymeravermectinnanoemulsionwithhighstabilityadhesionpropertyphandtemperatureresponsivereleasingbehaviors AT wantaiyang fabricationofecofriendlyhydrolyzedethylenemaleicanhydridecopolymeravermectinnanoemulsionwithhighstabilityadhesionpropertyphandtemperatureresponsivereleasingbehaviors |