The Influence of Air Pressure on the Dynamics of Flexural Ultrasonic Transducers
The flexural ultrasonic transducer comprises a piezoelectric ceramic disc bonded to a membrane. The vibrations of the piezoelectric ceramic disc induce flexural modes in the membrane, producing ultrasound waves. The transducer is principally utilized for proximity or flow measurement, designed for o...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2019-10-01
|
| Series: | Sensors |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/21/4710 |
| _version_ | 1797999397584240640 |
|---|---|
| author | Andrew Feeney Lei Kang William E. Somerset Steve Dixon |
| author_facet | Andrew Feeney Lei Kang William E. Somerset Steve Dixon |
| author_sort | Andrew Feeney |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The flexural ultrasonic transducer comprises a piezoelectric ceramic disc bonded to a membrane. The vibrations of the piezoelectric ceramic disc induce flexural modes in the membrane, producing ultrasound waves. The transducer is principally utilized for proximity or flow measurement, designed for operation at atmospheric pressure conditions. However, there is rapidly growing industrial demand for the flexural ultrasonic transducer in applications including water metering or in petrochemical plants where the pressure levels of the gas or liquid environment can approach 100 bar. In this study, characterization methods including electrical impedance analysis and pitch-catch ultrasound measurement are employed to demonstrate the dynamic performance of flexural ultrasonic transducers in air at elevated pressures approaching 100 bar. Measurement principles are discussed, in addition to modifications to the transducer design for ensuring resilience at increasing air pressure levels. The results highlight the importance of controlling the parameters of the measurement environment and show that although the conventional design of flexural ultrasonic transducer can exhibit functionality towards 100 bar, its dynamic performance is unsuitable for accurate ultrasound measurement. It is anticipated that this research will initiate new developments in ultrasound measurement systems for fluid environments at elevated pressures. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T11:04:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4dc3047767b24ce6adde6fbecc3b6b9a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T11:04:02Z |
| publishDate | 2019-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-4dc3047767b24ce6adde6fbecc3b6b9a2022-12-22T04:28:27ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202019-10-011921471010.3390/s19214710s19214710The Influence of Air Pressure on the Dynamics of Flexural Ultrasonic TransducersAndrew Feeney0Lei Kang1William E. Somerset2Steve Dixon3Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UKDepartment of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UKDepartment of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UKDepartment of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UKThe flexural ultrasonic transducer comprises a piezoelectric ceramic disc bonded to a membrane. The vibrations of the piezoelectric ceramic disc induce flexural modes in the membrane, producing ultrasound waves. The transducer is principally utilized for proximity or flow measurement, designed for operation at atmospheric pressure conditions. However, there is rapidly growing industrial demand for the flexural ultrasonic transducer in applications including water metering or in petrochemical plants where the pressure levels of the gas or liquid environment can approach 100 bar. In this study, characterization methods including electrical impedance analysis and pitch-catch ultrasound measurement are employed to demonstrate the dynamic performance of flexural ultrasonic transducers in air at elevated pressures approaching 100 bar. Measurement principles are discussed, in addition to modifications to the transducer design for ensuring resilience at increasing air pressure levels. The results highlight the importance of controlling the parameters of the measurement environment and show that although the conventional design of flexural ultrasonic transducer can exhibit functionality towards 100 bar, its dynamic performance is unsuitable for accurate ultrasound measurement. It is anticipated that this research will initiate new developments in ultrasound measurement systems for fluid environments at elevated pressures.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/21/4710air-coupled ultrasoundelevated pressureflexural ultrasonic transducerpitch-catch ultrasound measurementpressure measurementunimorph transducer |
| spellingShingle | Andrew Feeney Lei Kang William E. Somerset Steve Dixon The Influence of Air Pressure on the Dynamics of Flexural Ultrasonic Transducers Sensors air-coupled ultrasound elevated pressure flexural ultrasonic transducer pitch-catch ultrasound measurement pressure measurement unimorph transducer |
| title | The Influence of Air Pressure on the Dynamics of Flexural Ultrasonic Transducers |
| title_full | The Influence of Air Pressure on the Dynamics of Flexural Ultrasonic Transducers |
| title_fullStr | The Influence of Air Pressure on the Dynamics of Flexural Ultrasonic Transducers |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Influence of Air Pressure on the Dynamics of Flexural Ultrasonic Transducers |
| title_short | The Influence of Air Pressure on the Dynamics of Flexural Ultrasonic Transducers |
| title_sort | influence of air pressure on the dynamics of flexural ultrasonic transducers |
| topic | air-coupled ultrasound elevated pressure flexural ultrasonic transducer pitch-catch ultrasound measurement pressure measurement unimorph transducer |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/21/4710 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT andrewfeeney theinfluenceofairpressureonthedynamicsofflexuralultrasonictransducers AT leikang theinfluenceofairpressureonthedynamicsofflexuralultrasonictransducers AT williamesomerset theinfluenceofairpressureonthedynamicsofflexuralultrasonictransducers AT stevedixon theinfluenceofairpressureonthedynamicsofflexuralultrasonictransducers AT andrewfeeney influenceofairpressureonthedynamicsofflexuralultrasonictransducers AT leikang influenceofairpressureonthedynamicsofflexuralultrasonictransducers AT williamesomerset influenceofairpressureonthedynamicsofflexuralultrasonictransducers AT stevedixon influenceofairpressureonthedynamicsofflexuralultrasonictransducers |