Investigation of laser pulsing parameters’ importance in Er:YAG laser skin ablation: a theoretical study conducted via newly developed thermo-mechanical ablation model
Objective: Importance of laser pulsing parameters and tissue’s mechanical properties in the Er:YAG laser skin-tissue ablation is not adequately understood. The goal here was to develop a computational model that incorporates skin tissue’s mechanical properties to investigate the influence of Er:YAG...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Taylor & Francis Group
2019-01-01
|
| Series: | International Journal of Hyperthermia |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02656736.2019.1620350 |
| _version_ | 1828783707076427776 |
|---|---|
| author | Hossam El-Khalil Mousa Alzanina Khaldon Lweesy Aiman Alshare |
| author_facet | Hossam El-Khalil Mousa Alzanina Khaldon Lweesy Aiman Alshare |
| author_sort | Hossam El-Khalil |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objective: Importance of laser pulsing parameters and tissue’s mechanical properties in the Er:YAG laser skin-tissue ablation is not adequately understood. The goal here was to develop a computational model that incorporates skin tissue’s mechanical properties to investigate the influence of Er:YAG laser pulsing parameters on tissue ablation and coagulation. Methods: Tissue’s mechanical properties were incorporated by modeling ablation as a tissue water vaporization occurring under elevated pressures that depend on tissue’s stress–strain relationships. Tissue deformation was assumed unidirectional; therefore, a one-dimensional model was utilized. Analytical solution and experimental results were used to verify and validate the model. Then, influence of pulse duration (10 µs–2 ms) and fluence (0–30 J cm−2) on coagulation depth and ablation efficiency was explored. Results: Verification and validation results suggested that the model is acceptably accurate. Minimal effect of pulse duration on coagulation depth was predicted at sub-ablative conditions. At those conditions, coagulation depth increased asymptotically to ∼90 µm with increasing pulse fluence. At ablative conditions, coagulation depth decreased asymptotically to 22–28 µm with increasing pulse irradiance. Ablation efficiency plateaued at high pulse fluences and long pulse durations. Mechanical properties were important as about 50% increase in coagulation depth and 25% decrease in ablation efficiency were predicted when considering the high strain-rate loading effect in comparison with quasi-static loading. Conclusions: Proper tuning of Er:YAG laser pulsing parameters can substantially improve its therapeutic outcomes. The effect of these parameters varies and depends on whether the laser-tissue conditions are ablative or sub-ablative. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T23:17:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4dc34cfd965a44c79f412e326fd769cc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0265-6736 1464-5157 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T23:17:08Z |
| publishDate | 2019-01-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Hyperthermia |
| spelling | doaj.art-4dc34cfd965a44c79f412e326fd769cc2022-12-22T00:46:28ZengTaylor & Francis GroupInternational Journal of Hyperthermia0265-67361464-51572019-01-0136161262310.1080/02656736.2019.16203501620350Investigation of laser pulsing parameters’ importance in Er:YAG laser skin ablation: a theoretical study conducted via newly developed thermo-mechanical ablation modelHossam El-Khalil0Mousa Alzanina1Khaldon Lweesy2Aiman Alshare3Jordan University of Science and TechnologyJordan University of Science and TechnologyJordan University of Science and TechnologyGerman Jordanian UniversityObjective: Importance of laser pulsing parameters and tissue’s mechanical properties in the Er:YAG laser skin-tissue ablation is not adequately understood. The goal here was to develop a computational model that incorporates skin tissue’s mechanical properties to investigate the influence of Er:YAG laser pulsing parameters on tissue ablation and coagulation. Methods: Tissue’s mechanical properties were incorporated by modeling ablation as a tissue water vaporization occurring under elevated pressures that depend on tissue’s stress–strain relationships. Tissue deformation was assumed unidirectional; therefore, a one-dimensional model was utilized. Analytical solution and experimental results were used to verify and validate the model. Then, influence of pulse duration (10 µs–2 ms) and fluence (0–30 J cm−2) on coagulation depth and ablation efficiency was explored. Results: Verification and validation results suggested that the model is acceptably accurate. Minimal effect of pulse duration on coagulation depth was predicted at sub-ablative conditions. At those conditions, coagulation depth increased asymptotically to ∼90 µm with increasing pulse fluence. At ablative conditions, coagulation depth decreased asymptotically to 22–28 µm with increasing pulse irradiance. Ablation efficiency plateaued at high pulse fluences and long pulse durations. Mechanical properties were important as about 50% increase in coagulation depth and 25% decrease in ablation efficiency were predicted when considering the high strain-rate loading effect in comparison with quasi-static loading. Conclusions: Proper tuning of Er:YAG laser pulsing parameters can substantially improve its therapeutic outcomes. The effect of these parameters varies and depends on whether the laser-tissue conditions are ablative or sub-ablative.http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02656736.2019.1620350modelablationpulse durationpulse fluencemechanical propertiesthermo-mechanical |
| spellingShingle | Hossam El-Khalil Mousa Alzanina Khaldon Lweesy Aiman Alshare Investigation of laser pulsing parameters’ importance in Er:YAG laser skin ablation: a theoretical study conducted via newly developed thermo-mechanical ablation model International Journal of Hyperthermia model ablation pulse duration pulse fluence mechanical properties thermo-mechanical |
| title | Investigation of laser pulsing parameters’ importance in Er:YAG laser skin ablation: a theoretical study conducted via newly developed thermo-mechanical ablation model |
| title_full | Investigation of laser pulsing parameters’ importance in Er:YAG laser skin ablation: a theoretical study conducted via newly developed thermo-mechanical ablation model |
| title_fullStr | Investigation of laser pulsing parameters’ importance in Er:YAG laser skin ablation: a theoretical study conducted via newly developed thermo-mechanical ablation model |
| title_full_unstemmed | Investigation of laser pulsing parameters’ importance in Er:YAG laser skin ablation: a theoretical study conducted via newly developed thermo-mechanical ablation model |
| title_short | Investigation of laser pulsing parameters’ importance in Er:YAG laser skin ablation: a theoretical study conducted via newly developed thermo-mechanical ablation model |
| title_sort | investigation of laser pulsing parameters importance in er yag laser skin ablation a theoretical study conducted via newly developed thermo mechanical ablation model |
| topic | model ablation pulse duration pulse fluence mechanical properties thermo-mechanical |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02656736.2019.1620350 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT hossamelkhalil investigationoflaserpulsingparametersimportanceineryaglaserskinablationatheoreticalstudyconductedvianewlydevelopedthermomechanicalablationmodel AT mousaalzanina investigationoflaserpulsingparametersimportanceineryaglaserskinablationatheoreticalstudyconductedvianewlydevelopedthermomechanicalablationmodel AT khaldonlweesy investigationoflaserpulsingparametersimportanceineryaglaserskinablationatheoreticalstudyconductedvianewlydevelopedthermomechanicalablationmodel AT aimanalshare investigationoflaserpulsingparametersimportanceineryaglaserskinablationatheoreticalstudyconductedvianewlydevelopedthermomechanicalablationmodel |