A New Risk Score Based on Eight Hepatocellular Carcinoma- Immune Gene Expression Can Predict the Prognosis of the Patients
BackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the malignant tumors with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Immunotherapy has emerged as an increasingly important cancer treatment modality. However, the potential relationship between immune genes and HCC still needs to be explored. The purp...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-11-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Oncology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2021.766072/full |
| _version_ | 1818398869666398208 |
|---|---|
| author | Dingde Ye Yaping Liu Guoqiang Li Beicheng Sun Jin Peng Qingxiang Xu Qingxiang Xu |
| author_facet | Dingde Ye Yaping Liu Guoqiang Li Beicheng Sun Jin Peng Qingxiang Xu Qingxiang Xu |
| author_sort | Dingde Ye |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the malignant tumors with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Immunotherapy has emerged as an increasingly important cancer treatment modality. However, the potential relationship between immune genes and HCC still needs to be explored. The purpose of this study is to construct a new prognostic risk signature to predict the prognosis of HCC patients based on the expression of immune-related genes (IRGs) and explore its potential mechanism.MethodsWe analyzed the gene expression data of 332 HCC patient samples and 46 adjacent normal tissues samples (Solid Tissue Normal including cirrhotic tissue) in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and clinical characteristics. We analyzed the gene expression data, identified differentially expressed IRGs in HCC tissues, filtered IRGs with prognostic value to construct an IRG signature, and classified patients into high and low gene expression groups based on the expression of IRGs in their tumor tissues. We also investigated the potential molecular mechanisms of IRGs through a bioinformatics approach using Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database analysis and Gene Ontology (GO) database analysis. Differentially expressed IRGs associated with significant clinical outcomes (SIRGs) were identified by univariate Cox regression analysis. An immune-related risk score model (IRRSM) was established based on Lasso Cox regression analysis and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Based on the IRRSM, the immune score of the patients was calculated, and the patients were divided into high-risk and low-risk patients according to the median score, and the differences in survival between the two groups were compared. Then, the correlation analysis between the IRRSM and clinical characteristics was performed, and the IRRSM was validated using the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) database.ResultsThe IRRSM was eventually constructed and confirmed to be an independent prognostic model for HCC patients. The IRRSM was shown to be positively correlated with the infiltration of four types of immune cells.ConclusionOur results showed that some SIRGs have potential value for predicting the prognosis and clinical outcomes of HCC patients. IRGs affect the prognosis of HCC patients by regulating the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). This study provides a new insight for immune research and treatment strategies in HCC patients. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T07:11:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4dd0b97f82c843bd826d21a8701e6fa6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2234-943X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T07:11:38Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Oncology |
| spelling | doaj.art-4dd0b97f82c843bd826d21a8701e6fa62022-12-21T23:11:49ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Oncology2234-943X2021-11-011110.3389/fonc.2021.766072766072A New Risk Score Based on Eight Hepatocellular Carcinoma- Immune Gene Expression Can Predict the Prognosis of the PatientsDingde Ye0Yaping Liu1Guoqiang Li2Beicheng Sun3Jin Peng4Qingxiang Xu5Qingxiang Xu6Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medicine School of Southeast University, Nanjing, ChinaSchool of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, ChinaDepartment of General Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, ChinaDepartment of General Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, ChinaDepartment of General Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, ChinaNanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medicine School of Southeast University, Nanjing, ChinaDepartment of General Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, ChinaBackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the malignant tumors with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Immunotherapy has emerged as an increasingly important cancer treatment modality. However, the potential relationship between immune genes and HCC still needs to be explored. The purpose of this study is to construct a new prognostic risk signature to predict the prognosis of HCC patients based on the expression of immune-related genes (IRGs) and explore its potential mechanism.MethodsWe analyzed the gene expression data of 332 HCC patient samples and 46 adjacent normal tissues samples (Solid Tissue Normal including cirrhotic tissue) in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and clinical characteristics. We analyzed the gene expression data, identified differentially expressed IRGs in HCC tissues, filtered IRGs with prognostic value to construct an IRG signature, and classified patients into high and low gene expression groups based on the expression of IRGs in their tumor tissues. We also investigated the potential molecular mechanisms of IRGs through a bioinformatics approach using Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database analysis and Gene Ontology (GO) database analysis. Differentially expressed IRGs associated with significant clinical outcomes (SIRGs) were identified by univariate Cox regression analysis. An immune-related risk score model (IRRSM) was established based on Lasso Cox regression analysis and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Based on the IRRSM, the immune score of the patients was calculated, and the patients were divided into high-risk and low-risk patients according to the median score, and the differences in survival between the two groups were compared. Then, the correlation analysis between the IRRSM and clinical characteristics was performed, and the IRRSM was validated using the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) database.ResultsThe IRRSM was eventually constructed and confirmed to be an independent prognostic model for HCC patients. The IRRSM was shown to be positively correlated with the infiltration of four types of immune cells.ConclusionOur results showed that some SIRGs have potential value for predicting the prognosis and clinical outcomes of HCC patients. IRGs affect the prognosis of HCC patients by regulating the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). This study provides a new insight for immune research and treatment strategies in HCC patients.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2021.766072/fullhepatocellular carcinomaimmune-related genesimmune-related risk scoreprognosisnomogram |
| spellingShingle | Dingde Ye Yaping Liu Guoqiang Li Beicheng Sun Jin Peng Qingxiang Xu Qingxiang Xu A New Risk Score Based on Eight Hepatocellular Carcinoma- Immune Gene Expression Can Predict the Prognosis of the Patients Frontiers in Oncology hepatocellular carcinoma immune-related genes immune-related risk score prognosis nomogram |
| title | A New Risk Score Based on Eight Hepatocellular Carcinoma- Immune Gene Expression Can Predict the Prognosis of the Patients |
| title_full | A New Risk Score Based on Eight Hepatocellular Carcinoma- Immune Gene Expression Can Predict the Prognosis of the Patients |
| title_fullStr | A New Risk Score Based on Eight Hepatocellular Carcinoma- Immune Gene Expression Can Predict the Prognosis of the Patients |
| title_full_unstemmed | A New Risk Score Based on Eight Hepatocellular Carcinoma- Immune Gene Expression Can Predict the Prognosis of the Patients |
| title_short | A New Risk Score Based on Eight Hepatocellular Carcinoma- Immune Gene Expression Can Predict the Prognosis of the Patients |
| title_sort | new risk score based on eight hepatocellular carcinoma immune gene expression can predict the prognosis of the patients |
| topic | hepatocellular carcinoma immune-related genes immune-related risk score prognosis nomogram |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2021.766072/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT dingdeye anewriskscorebasedoneighthepatocellularcarcinomaimmunegeneexpressioncanpredicttheprognosisofthepatients AT yapingliu anewriskscorebasedoneighthepatocellularcarcinomaimmunegeneexpressioncanpredicttheprognosisofthepatients AT guoqiangli anewriskscorebasedoneighthepatocellularcarcinomaimmunegeneexpressioncanpredicttheprognosisofthepatients AT beichengsun anewriskscorebasedoneighthepatocellularcarcinomaimmunegeneexpressioncanpredicttheprognosisofthepatients AT jinpeng anewriskscorebasedoneighthepatocellularcarcinomaimmunegeneexpressioncanpredicttheprognosisofthepatients AT qingxiangxu anewriskscorebasedoneighthepatocellularcarcinomaimmunegeneexpressioncanpredicttheprognosisofthepatients AT qingxiangxu anewriskscorebasedoneighthepatocellularcarcinomaimmunegeneexpressioncanpredicttheprognosisofthepatients AT dingdeye newriskscorebasedoneighthepatocellularcarcinomaimmunegeneexpressioncanpredicttheprognosisofthepatients AT yapingliu newriskscorebasedoneighthepatocellularcarcinomaimmunegeneexpressioncanpredicttheprognosisofthepatients AT guoqiangli newriskscorebasedoneighthepatocellularcarcinomaimmunegeneexpressioncanpredicttheprognosisofthepatients AT beichengsun newriskscorebasedoneighthepatocellularcarcinomaimmunegeneexpressioncanpredicttheprognosisofthepatients AT jinpeng newriskscorebasedoneighthepatocellularcarcinomaimmunegeneexpressioncanpredicttheprognosisofthepatients AT qingxiangxu newriskscorebasedoneighthepatocellularcarcinomaimmunegeneexpressioncanpredicttheprognosisofthepatients AT qingxiangxu newriskscorebasedoneighthepatocellularcarcinomaimmunegeneexpressioncanpredicttheprognosisofthepatients |