Chemical Activation of Lignocellulosic Precursors and Residues: What Else to Consider?
This paper provides the basis for understanding the preparation and properties of an old, but advanced material: activated carbon. The activated carbons discussed herein are obtained from “green” precursors: biomass residues. Accordingly, the present study starts analyzing the components of biomass...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/5/1630 |
| _version_ | 1797474366961745920 |
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| author | Juan Alcañiz-Monge María del Carmen Román-Martínez María Ángeles Lillo-Ródenas |
| author_facet | Juan Alcañiz-Monge María del Carmen Román-Martínez María Ángeles Lillo-Ródenas |
| author_sort | Juan Alcañiz-Monge |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This paper provides the basis for understanding the preparation and properties of an old, but advanced material: activated carbon. The activated carbons discussed herein are obtained from “green” precursors: biomass residues. Accordingly, the present study starts analyzing the components of biomass residues, such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, and the features that make them suitable raw materials for preparing activated carbons. The physicochemical transformations of these components during their heat treatment that lead to the development of a carbonized material, a biochar, are also considered. The influence of the chemical activation experimental conditions on the yield and porosity development of the final activated carbons are revised as well, and compared with those for physical activation, highlighting the physicochemical interactions between the activating agents and the lignocellulosic components. This review incorporates a comprehensive discussion about the surface chemistry that can be developed as a result of chemical activation and compiles some results related to the mechanical properties and conformation of activated carbons, scarcely analyzed in most published papers. Finally, economic, and environmental issues involved in the large-scale preparation of activated carbons by chemical activation of lignocellulosic precursors are commented on as well. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:29:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4dd6e03dfc344d28aaee862958cd4e23 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:29:02Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-4dd6e03dfc344d28aaee862958cd4e232023-11-23T23:27:26ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492022-03-01275163010.3390/molecules27051630Chemical Activation of Lignocellulosic Precursors and Residues: What Else to Consider?Juan Alcañiz-Monge0María del Carmen Román-Martínez1María Ángeles Lillo-Ródenas2MCMA Group, Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Materials Institute (IUMA), Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante, Ap. 99, E-03080 Alicante, SpainMCMA Group, Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Materials Institute (IUMA), Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante, Ap. 99, E-03080 Alicante, SpainMCMA Group, Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Materials Institute (IUMA), Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante, Ap. 99, E-03080 Alicante, SpainThis paper provides the basis for understanding the preparation and properties of an old, but advanced material: activated carbon. The activated carbons discussed herein are obtained from “green” precursors: biomass residues. Accordingly, the present study starts analyzing the components of biomass residues, such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, and the features that make them suitable raw materials for preparing activated carbons. The physicochemical transformations of these components during their heat treatment that lead to the development of a carbonized material, a biochar, are also considered. The influence of the chemical activation experimental conditions on the yield and porosity development of the final activated carbons are revised as well, and compared with those for physical activation, highlighting the physicochemical interactions between the activating agents and the lignocellulosic components. This review incorporates a comprehensive discussion about the surface chemistry that can be developed as a result of chemical activation and compiles some results related to the mechanical properties and conformation of activated carbons, scarcely analyzed in most published papers. Finally, economic, and environmental issues involved in the large-scale preparation of activated carbons by chemical activation of lignocellulosic precursors are commented on as well.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/5/1630chemical activationbiomasslignocellulosicactivated carbons |
| spellingShingle | Juan Alcañiz-Monge María del Carmen Román-Martínez María Ángeles Lillo-Ródenas Chemical Activation of Lignocellulosic Precursors and Residues: What Else to Consider? Molecules chemical activation biomass lignocellulosic activated carbons |
| title | Chemical Activation of Lignocellulosic Precursors and Residues: What Else to Consider? |
| title_full | Chemical Activation of Lignocellulosic Precursors and Residues: What Else to Consider? |
| title_fullStr | Chemical Activation of Lignocellulosic Precursors and Residues: What Else to Consider? |
| title_full_unstemmed | Chemical Activation of Lignocellulosic Precursors and Residues: What Else to Consider? |
| title_short | Chemical Activation of Lignocellulosic Precursors and Residues: What Else to Consider? |
| title_sort | chemical activation of lignocellulosic precursors and residues what else to consider |
| topic | chemical activation biomass lignocellulosic activated carbons |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/5/1630 |
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