Response to Sea Ice Melt Indicates High Seeding Potential of the Ice Diatom Thalassiosira to Spring Phytoplankton Blooms: A Laboratory Study on an Ice Algal Community From the Sea of Okhotsk
Phytoplankton communities in seasonally ice-covered areas are largely affected by ice algae. The Okhotsk Sea is the southernmost sea ice zone in the northern hemisphere with a sizeable seasonal ice cover, thus ice algae of the Okhotsk sea ice have a large potential to seed the early spring bloom. Li...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2020-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Marine Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmars.2020.00613/full |
| _version_ | 1819019266866806784 |
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| author | Dong Yan Kazuhiro Yoshida Jun Nishioka Masato Ito Masato Ito Takenobu Toyota Koji Suzuki Koji Suzuki |
| author_facet | Dong Yan Kazuhiro Yoshida Jun Nishioka Masato Ito Masato Ito Takenobu Toyota Koji Suzuki Koji Suzuki |
| author_sort | Dong Yan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Phytoplankton communities in seasonally ice-covered areas are largely affected by ice algae. The Okhotsk Sea is the southernmost sea ice zone in the northern hemisphere with a sizeable seasonal ice cover, thus ice algae of the Okhotsk sea ice have a large potential to seed the early spring bloom. Little is known about the Okhotsk ice algal communities and their seeding effects. We investigated the dynamics of the composition and the photophysiological performances of an Okhotsk ice algal community in a 6-day laboratory incubation experiment that simulated the natural ice melt conditions. Centric diatoms, especially Thalassiosira spp., overwhelmingly dominated the ice algal community throughout incubation, whereas pennate diatoms, mostly Navicula and Nitzschia, showed little growth with much higher mortality. The maximum photochemical efficiency of Photosystem II (Fv/Fm) was the lowest at the beginning of the ice melt, suggesting a suppressed photosynthetic functioning by changes in salinity. The cellular pigment contents decreased by 30% due to osmotic stress, evidenced by deformed plastids under a microscope. The transcript level of the rbcL gene that encodes the large subunit of RubisCO was significantly higher during ice melt and decreased in the no-ice period, suggesting an urgent need for carbon fixation under the melt condition. Full recovery of photosynthesis and growth was also made after complete ice melt. Our results indicated high seeding potential of Thalassiosira to spring blooms owing to their photophysiological plasticity to dynamic salinity changes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T03:32:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4dd93e04a6b648e3814e928c9282c939 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-7745 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T03:32:35Z |
| publishDate | 2020-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Marine Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-4dd93e04a6b648e3814e928c9282c9392022-12-21T19:17:25ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Marine Science2296-77452020-07-01710.3389/fmars.2020.00613552955Response to Sea Ice Melt Indicates High Seeding Potential of the Ice Diatom Thalassiosira to Spring Phytoplankton Blooms: A Laboratory Study on an Ice Algal Community From the Sea of OkhotskDong Yan0Kazuhiro Yoshida1Jun Nishioka2Masato Ito3Masato Ito4Takenobu Toyota5Koji Suzuki6Koji Suzuki7Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, JapanFaculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, JapanPan−Okhotsk Research Center, Institute for Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, JapanInstitute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, JapanInstitute of Arctic Climate Environment Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka, JapanInstitute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, JapanGraduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, JapanFaculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, JapanPhytoplankton communities in seasonally ice-covered areas are largely affected by ice algae. The Okhotsk Sea is the southernmost sea ice zone in the northern hemisphere with a sizeable seasonal ice cover, thus ice algae of the Okhotsk sea ice have a large potential to seed the early spring bloom. Little is known about the Okhotsk ice algal communities and their seeding effects. We investigated the dynamics of the composition and the photophysiological performances of an Okhotsk ice algal community in a 6-day laboratory incubation experiment that simulated the natural ice melt conditions. Centric diatoms, especially Thalassiosira spp., overwhelmingly dominated the ice algal community throughout incubation, whereas pennate diatoms, mostly Navicula and Nitzschia, showed little growth with much higher mortality. The maximum photochemical efficiency of Photosystem II (Fv/Fm) was the lowest at the beginning of the ice melt, suggesting a suppressed photosynthetic functioning by changes in salinity. The cellular pigment contents decreased by 30% due to osmotic stress, evidenced by deformed plastids under a microscope. The transcript level of the rbcL gene that encodes the large subunit of RubisCO was significantly higher during ice melt and decreased in the no-ice period, suggesting an urgent need for carbon fixation under the melt condition. Full recovery of photosynthesis and growth was also made after complete ice melt. Our results indicated high seeding potential of Thalassiosira to spring blooms owing to their photophysiological plasticity to dynamic salinity changes.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmars.2020.00613/fullice algaediatom bloomThalassiosiraosmotic stressphotophysiologyseeding effect |
| spellingShingle | Dong Yan Kazuhiro Yoshida Jun Nishioka Masato Ito Masato Ito Takenobu Toyota Koji Suzuki Koji Suzuki Response to Sea Ice Melt Indicates High Seeding Potential of the Ice Diatom Thalassiosira to Spring Phytoplankton Blooms: A Laboratory Study on an Ice Algal Community From the Sea of Okhotsk Frontiers in Marine Science ice algae diatom bloom Thalassiosira osmotic stress photophysiology seeding effect |
| title | Response to Sea Ice Melt Indicates High Seeding Potential of the Ice Diatom Thalassiosira to Spring Phytoplankton Blooms: A Laboratory Study on an Ice Algal Community From the Sea of Okhotsk |
| title_full | Response to Sea Ice Melt Indicates High Seeding Potential of the Ice Diatom Thalassiosira to Spring Phytoplankton Blooms: A Laboratory Study on an Ice Algal Community From the Sea of Okhotsk |
| title_fullStr | Response to Sea Ice Melt Indicates High Seeding Potential of the Ice Diatom Thalassiosira to Spring Phytoplankton Blooms: A Laboratory Study on an Ice Algal Community From the Sea of Okhotsk |
| title_full_unstemmed | Response to Sea Ice Melt Indicates High Seeding Potential of the Ice Diatom Thalassiosira to Spring Phytoplankton Blooms: A Laboratory Study on an Ice Algal Community From the Sea of Okhotsk |
| title_short | Response to Sea Ice Melt Indicates High Seeding Potential of the Ice Diatom Thalassiosira to Spring Phytoplankton Blooms: A Laboratory Study on an Ice Algal Community From the Sea of Okhotsk |
| title_sort | response to sea ice melt indicates high seeding potential of the ice diatom thalassiosira to spring phytoplankton blooms a laboratory study on an ice algal community from the sea of okhotsk |
| topic | ice algae diatom bloom Thalassiosira osmotic stress photophysiology seeding effect |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmars.2020.00613/full |
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