Prospects of Controlled Auto-Ignition Based Thermal Propulsion Units for Modern Gasoline Vehicles
Gasoline engines employing the spatially distributed auto-ignition combustion mode, known as controlled auto-ignition (CAI), are a prospective technology for significantly improving engine efficiency and reducing emissions. This review paper provides an overview of developments in various gasoline C...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/9/3887 |
| _version_ | 1827743017055813632 |
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| author | Abdullah U. Bajwa Felix C. P. Leach Martin H. Davy |
| author_facet | Abdullah U. Bajwa Felix C. P. Leach Martin H. Davy |
| author_sort | Abdullah U. Bajwa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Gasoline engines employing the spatially distributed auto-ignition combustion mode, known as controlled auto-ignition (CAI), are a prospective technology for significantly improving engine efficiency and reducing emissions. This review paper provides an overview of developments in various gasoline CAI technologies and discusses their attendant strengths and weaknesses. Hybrid propulsion systems powered by high-efficiency gasoline CAI engines can provide a low-carbon pathway for mobility sector decarbonisation. Therefore, this paper focuses on the challenges and opportunities of CAI implementation, especially for electrified powertrains. Different control actuators that can extend the CAI operating range are discussed, and opportunities for synergistic operation between thermal and electric components of hybridised powertrains are identified. Such synergies can remove impediments in the way of CAI system adoption and can, thus, support CAI adoption and maximise efficiency gains from its implementation. The prospects of supporting CAI combustion for different powertrain electrification levels, hybrid architectures, engine size, and energy management systems are discussed. Load levelling offered by electrified powertrains through CAI-favouring energy management strategies has the potential to substantially relax the operating point requirements for CAI-based thermal propulsion units and to remove the need for expensive actuators. The highly flexible spark-assisted partially premixed compression ignition hybrid mode (SACI-PPCI) emerges as a promising CAI strategy for conventional powertrains, and the moderately flexible spark-assisted compression ignition (SACI) configuration can be a cost-effective thermal propulsion mode for electrified powertrains. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:19:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4ddbad7f3e6e4a058e34917812aac83c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:19:07Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-4ddbad7f3e6e4a058e34917812aac83c2023-11-17T22:53:10ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732023-05-01169388710.3390/en16093887Prospects of Controlled Auto-Ignition Based Thermal Propulsion Units for Modern Gasoline VehiclesAbdullah U. Bajwa0Felix C. P. Leach1Martin H. Davy2Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UKDepartment of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UKDepartment of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UKGasoline engines employing the spatially distributed auto-ignition combustion mode, known as controlled auto-ignition (CAI), are a prospective technology for significantly improving engine efficiency and reducing emissions. This review paper provides an overview of developments in various gasoline CAI technologies and discusses their attendant strengths and weaknesses. Hybrid propulsion systems powered by high-efficiency gasoline CAI engines can provide a low-carbon pathway for mobility sector decarbonisation. Therefore, this paper focuses on the challenges and opportunities of CAI implementation, especially for electrified powertrains. Different control actuators that can extend the CAI operating range are discussed, and opportunities for synergistic operation between thermal and electric components of hybridised powertrains are identified. Such synergies can remove impediments in the way of CAI system adoption and can, thus, support CAI adoption and maximise efficiency gains from its implementation. The prospects of supporting CAI combustion for different powertrain electrification levels, hybrid architectures, engine size, and energy management systems are discussed. Load levelling offered by electrified powertrains through CAI-favouring energy management strategies has the potential to substantially relax the operating point requirements for CAI-based thermal propulsion units and to remove the need for expensive actuators. The highly flexible spark-assisted partially premixed compression ignition hybrid mode (SACI-PPCI) emerges as a promising CAI strategy for conventional powertrains, and the moderately flexible spark-assisted compression ignition (SACI) configuration can be a cost-effective thermal propulsion mode for electrified powertrains.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/9/3887advanced compression ignitionHCCIlow temperature combustiondedicated hybrid enginesgasoline compression ignition |
| spellingShingle | Abdullah U. Bajwa Felix C. P. Leach Martin H. Davy Prospects of Controlled Auto-Ignition Based Thermal Propulsion Units for Modern Gasoline Vehicles Energies advanced compression ignition HCCI low temperature combustion dedicated hybrid engines gasoline compression ignition |
| title | Prospects of Controlled Auto-Ignition Based Thermal Propulsion Units for Modern Gasoline Vehicles |
| title_full | Prospects of Controlled Auto-Ignition Based Thermal Propulsion Units for Modern Gasoline Vehicles |
| title_fullStr | Prospects of Controlled Auto-Ignition Based Thermal Propulsion Units for Modern Gasoline Vehicles |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prospects of Controlled Auto-Ignition Based Thermal Propulsion Units for Modern Gasoline Vehicles |
| title_short | Prospects of Controlled Auto-Ignition Based Thermal Propulsion Units for Modern Gasoline Vehicles |
| title_sort | prospects of controlled auto ignition based thermal propulsion units for modern gasoline vehicles |
| topic | advanced compression ignition HCCI low temperature combustion dedicated hybrid engines gasoline compression ignition |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/9/3887 |
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