Evaluation of the Cytotoxic Effect of Pd<sub>2</sub>Spm against Prostate Cancer through Vibrational Microspectroscopies
Regarding the development of new antineoplastic agents, with a view to assess the selective antitumoral potential which aims at causing irreversible damage to cancer cells while preserving the integrity of their healthy counterparts, it is essential to evaluate the cytotoxic effects in both healthy...
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/3/1888 |
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| author | Raquel C. Laginha Clara B. Martins Ana L. C. Brandão Joana Marques M. Paula M. Marques Luís A. E. Batista de Carvalho Inês P. Santos Ana L. M. Batista de Carvalho |
| author_facet | Raquel C. Laginha Clara B. Martins Ana L. C. Brandão Joana Marques M. Paula M. Marques Luís A. E. Batista de Carvalho Inês P. Santos Ana L. M. Batista de Carvalho |
| author_sort | Raquel C. Laginha |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Regarding the development of new antineoplastic agents, with a view to assess the selective antitumoral potential which aims at causing irreversible damage to cancer cells while preserving the integrity of their healthy counterparts, it is essential to evaluate the cytotoxic effects in both healthy and malignant human cell lines. In this study, a complex with two Pd(II) centers linked by the biogenic polyamine spermine (Pd<sub>2</sub>Spm) was tested on healthy (PNT-2) and cancer (LNCaP and PC-3) prostate human cell lines, using cisplatin as a reference. To understand the mechanisms of action of both cisplatin and Pd<sub>2</sub>Spm at a molecular level, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Raman microspectroscopies were used. Principal component analysis was applied to the vibrational data, revealing the major metabolic changes caused by each drug, which were found to rely on DNA, lipids, and proteins, acting as biomarkers of drug impact. The main changes were observed between the B-DNA native conformation and either Z-DNA or A-DNA, with a higher effect on lipids having been detected in the presence of cisplatin as compared to Pd<sub>2</sub>Spm. In turn, the Pd-agent showed a more significant impact on proteins. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:42:43Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:42:43Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-4deded6d5b4a4ae9bd9a50ef681529942023-11-16T16:49:23ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-01-01243188810.3390/ijms24031888Evaluation of the Cytotoxic Effect of Pd<sub>2</sub>Spm against Prostate Cancer through Vibrational MicrospectroscopiesRaquel C. Laginha0Clara B. Martins1Ana L. C. Brandão2Joana Marques3M. Paula M. Marques4Luís A. E. Batista de Carvalho5Inês P. Santos6Ana L. M. Batista de Carvalho7Molecular Physical-Chemistry R&D Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, PortugalMolecular Physical-Chemistry R&D Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, PortugalMolecular Physical-Chemistry R&D Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, PortugalMolecular Physical-Chemistry R&D Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, PortugalMolecular Physical-Chemistry R&D Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, PortugalMolecular Physical-Chemistry R&D Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, PortugalMolecular Physical-Chemistry R&D Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, PortugalMolecular Physical-Chemistry R&D Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, PortugalRegarding the development of new antineoplastic agents, with a view to assess the selective antitumoral potential which aims at causing irreversible damage to cancer cells while preserving the integrity of their healthy counterparts, it is essential to evaluate the cytotoxic effects in both healthy and malignant human cell lines. In this study, a complex with two Pd(II) centers linked by the biogenic polyamine spermine (Pd<sub>2</sub>Spm) was tested on healthy (PNT-2) and cancer (LNCaP and PC-3) prostate human cell lines, using cisplatin as a reference. To understand the mechanisms of action of both cisplatin and Pd<sub>2</sub>Spm at a molecular level, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Raman microspectroscopies were used. Principal component analysis was applied to the vibrational data, revealing the major metabolic changes caused by each drug, which were found to rely on DNA, lipids, and proteins, acting as biomarkers of drug impact. The main changes were observed between the B-DNA native conformation and either Z-DNA or A-DNA, with a higher effect on lipids having been detected in the presence of cisplatin as compared to Pd<sub>2</sub>Spm. In turn, the Pd-agent showed a more significant impact on proteins.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/3/1888prostate cancercisplatinpalladium(II)Raman microspectroscopyFTIR microspectroscopy |
| spellingShingle | Raquel C. Laginha Clara B. Martins Ana L. C. Brandão Joana Marques M. Paula M. Marques Luís A. E. Batista de Carvalho Inês P. Santos Ana L. M. Batista de Carvalho Evaluation of the Cytotoxic Effect of Pd<sub>2</sub>Spm against Prostate Cancer through Vibrational Microspectroscopies International Journal of Molecular Sciences prostate cancer cisplatin palladium(II) Raman microspectroscopy FTIR microspectroscopy |
| title | Evaluation of the Cytotoxic Effect of Pd<sub>2</sub>Spm against Prostate Cancer through Vibrational Microspectroscopies |
| title_full | Evaluation of the Cytotoxic Effect of Pd<sub>2</sub>Spm against Prostate Cancer through Vibrational Microspectroscopies |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of the Cytotoxic Effect of Pd<sub>2</sub>Spm against Prostate Cancer through Vibrational Microspectroscopies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of the Cytotoxic Effect of Pd<sub>2</sub>Spm against Prostate Cancer through Vibrational Microspectroscopies |
| title_short | Evaluation of the Cytotoxic Effect of Pd<sub>2</sub>Spm against Prostate Cancer through Vibrational Microspectroscopies |
| title_sort | evaluation of the cytotoxic effect of pd sub 2 sub spm against prostate cancer through vibrational microspectroscopies |
| topic | prostate cancer cisplatin palladium(II) Raman microspectroscopy FTIR microspectroscopy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/3/1888 |
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