Chromatoid Bodies in the Regulation of Spermatogenesis: Novel Role of GRTH
Post-transcriptional and translational control of specialized genes play a critical role in the progression of spermatogenesis. During the early stages, mRNAs are actively transcribed and stored, temporarily bound to RNA binding proteins in chromatoid bodies (CBs). CBs are membrane-less dynamic orga...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Cells |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/11/4/613 |
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| author | Rajakumar Anbazhagan Raghuveer Kavarthapu Maria L. Dufau |
| author_facet | Rajakumar Anbazhagan Raghuveer Kavarthapu Maria L. Dufau |
| author_sort | Rajakumar Anbazhagan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Post-transcriptional and translational control of specialized genes play a critical role in the progression of spermatogenesis. During the early stages, mRNAs are actively transcribed and stored, temporarily bound to RNA binding proteins in chromatoid bodies (CBs). CBs are membrane-less dynamic organelles which serve as storehouses and processing centers of mRNAs awaiting translation during later stages of spermatogenesis. These CBs can also regulate the stability of mRNAs to secure the correct timing of protein expression at different stages of sperm formation. Gonadotropin-regulated testicular RNA helicase (GRTH/DDX25) is an essential regulator of spermatogenesis. GRTH transports mRNAs from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and phospho-GRTH transports mRNAs from the cytoplasm to the CBs. During spermiogenesis, there is precise control of mRNAs transported by GRTH from and to the CBs, directing the timing of translation of critical proteins which are involved in spermatid elongation and acrosomal development, resulting in functional sperm formation. This chapter presents our current knowledge on the role of GRTH, phospho-GRTH and CBs in the control of spermiogenesis. In addition, it covers the components of CBs compared to those of stress granules and P-bodies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:21:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4df07838ff544bff83d620b5f557866b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:21:03Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj.art-4df07838ff544bff83d620b5f557866b2023-11-23T19:14:07ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092022-02-0111461310.3390/cells11040613Chromatoid Bodies in the Regulation of Spermatogenesis: Novel Role of GRTHRajakumar Anbazhagan0Raghuveer Kavarthapu1Maria L. Dufau2Section on Molecular Endocrinology, Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USASection on Molecular Endocrinology, Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USASection on Molecular Endocrinology, Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USAPost-transcriptional and translational control of specialized genes play a critical role in the progression of spermatogenesis. During the early stages, mRNAs are actively transcribed and stored, temporarily bound to RNA binding proteins in chromatoid bodies (CBs). CBs are membrane-less dynamic organelles which serve as storehouses and processing centers of mRNAs awaiting translation during later stages of spermatogenesis. These CBs can also regulate the stability of mRNAs to secure the correct timing of protein expression at different stages of sperm formation. Gonadotropin-regulated testicular RNA helicase (GRTH/DDX25) is an essential regulator of spermatogenesis. GRTH transports mRNAs from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and phospho-GRTH transports mRNAs from the cytoplasm to the CBs. During spermiogenesis, there is precise control of mRNAs transported by GRTH from and to the CBs, directing the timing of translation of critical proteins which are involved in spermatid elongation and acrosomal development, resulting in functional sperm formation. This chapter presents our current knowledge on the role of GRTH, phospho-GRTH and CBs in the control of spermiogenesis. In addition, it covers the components of CBs compared to those of stress granules and P-bodies.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/11/4/613phospho-GRTHchromatoid bodiesspermatogenesistranscriptome analysisRNA transportRNA storage |
| spellingShingle | Rajakumar Anbazhagan Raghuveer Kavarthapu Maria L. Dufau Chromatoid Bodies in the Regulation of Spermatogenesis: Novel Role of GRTH Cells phospho-GRTH chromatoid bodies spermatogenesis transcriptome analysis RNA transport RNA storage |
| title | Chromatoid Bodies in the Regulation of Spermatogenesis: Novel Role of GRTH |
| title_full | Chromatoid Bodies in the Regulation of Spermatogenesis: Novel Role of GRTH |
| title_fullStr | Chromatoid Bodies in the Regulation of Spermatogenesis: Novel Role of GRTH |
| title_full_unstemmed | Chromatoid Bodies in the Regulation of Spermatogenesis: Novel Role of GRTH |
| title_short | Chromatoid Bodies in the Regulation of Spermatogenesis: Novel Role of GRTH |
| title_sort | chromatoid bodies in the regulation of spermatogenesis novel role of grth |
| topic | phospho-GRTH chromatoid bodies spermatogenesis transcriptome analysis RNA transport RNA storage |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/11/4/613 |
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