Effectiveness of Fly Ash and Red Mud as Strategies for Sustainable Acid Mine Drainage Management
Acid mine drainage (AMD), red mud (RM) and coal fly ash (CFA) are potential high environmental pollution problems due to their acidity, toxic metals and sulphate contents. Treatment of acidic mine water requires the generation of enough alkalinity to neutralize the excess acidity. Therefore, red mud...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-08-01
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| Series: | Minerals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/10/8/707 |
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| author | Viktoria Keller Srećko Stopić Buhle Xakalashe Yiqian Ma Sehliselo Ndlovu Brian Mwewa Geoffrey S. Simate Bernd Friedrich |
| author_facet | Viktoria Keller Srećko Stopić Buhle Xakalashe Yiqian Ma Sehliselo Ndlovu Brian Mwewa Geoffrey S. Simate Bernd Friedrich |
| author_sort | Viktoria Keller |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Acid mine drainage (AMD), red mud (RM) and coal fly ash (CFA) are potential high environmental pollution problems due to their acidity, toxic metals and sulphate contents. Treatment of acidic mine water requires the generation of enough alkalinity to neutralize the excess acidity. Therefore, red mud types from Germany and Greece were chosen for the neutralization of AMD from South Africa, where this problem is notorious. Because of the high alkalinity, German red mud is the most promising precipitation agent achieving the highest pH-values. CFA is less efficient for a neutralization and precipitation process. An increase in temperature increases the adsorption kinetics. The maximum pH-value of 6.0 can be reached by the addition of 100 g German red mud at 20 °C to AMD-water with an initial pH value of 1.9. German red mud removes 99% of the aluminium as aluminium hydroxide at pH 5.0. The rare earth elements (yttrium and cerium) are adsorbed by Greek red mud with an efficiency of 50% and 80% at 60 °C in 5 min, respectively. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T17:41:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4df5bed2489043899a136d6aebc07d18 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-163X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T17:41:39Z |
| publishDate | 2020-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Minerals |
| spelling | doaj.art-4df5bed2489043899a136d6aebc07d182023-11-20T09:41:06ZengMDPI AGMinerals2075-163X2020-08-0110870710.3390/min10080707Effectiveness of Fly Ash and Red Mud as Strategies for Sustainable Acid Mine Drainage ManagementViktoria Keller0Srećko Stopić1Buhle Xakalashe2Yiqian Ma3Sehliselo Ndlovu4Brian Mwewa5Geoffrey S. Simate6Bernd Friedrich7IME Process Metallurgy and Metal Recycling, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, GermanyIME Process Metallurgy and Metal Recycling, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, GermanyPyrometallurgy Division, MINTEK, Private Bag X3015, Randburg 2125, South AfricaIME Process Metallurgy and Metal Recycling, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, GermanySchool of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2000, South AfricaSchool of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2000, South AfricaSchool of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2000, South AfricaIME Process Metallurgy and Metal Recycling, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, GermanyAcid mine drainage (AMD), red mud (RM) and coal fly ash (CFA) are potential high environmental pollution problems due to their acidity, toxic metals and sulphate contents. Treatment of acidic mine water requires the generation of enough alkalinity to neutralize the excess acidity. Therefore, red mud types from Germany and Greece were chosen for the neutralization of AMD from South Africa, where this problem is notorious. Because of the high alkalinity, German red mud is the most promising precipitation agent achieving the highest pH-values. CFA is less efficient for a neutralization and precipitation process. An increase in temperature increases the adsorption kinetics. The maximum pH-value of 6.0 can be reached by the addition of 100 g German red mud at 20 °C to AMD-water with an initial pH value of 1.9. German red mud removes 99% of the aluminium as aluminium hydroxide at pH 5.0. The rare earth elements (yttrium and cerium) are adsorbed by Greek red mud with an efficiency of 50% and 80% at 60 °C in 5 min, respectively.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/10/8/707acid mine drainagesecondary materialsmanagementabsorptionprecipitation |
| spellingShingle | Viktoria Keller Srećko Stopić Buhle Xakalashe Yiqian Ma Sehliselo Ndlovu Brian Mwewa Geoffrey S. Simate Bernd Friedrich Effectiveness of Fly Ash and Red Mud as Strategies for Sustainable Acid Mine Drainage Management Minerals acid mine drainage secondary materials management absorption precipitation |
| title | Effectiveness of Fly Ash and Red Mud as Strategies for Sustainable Acid Mine Drainage Management |
| title_full | Effectiveness of Fly Ash and Red Mud as Strategies for Sustainable Acid Mine Drainage Management |
| title_fullStr | Effectiveness of Fly Ash and Red Mud as Strategies for Sustainable Acid Mine Drainage Management |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effectiveness of Fly Ash and Red Mud as Strategies for Sustainable Acid Mine Drainage Management |
| title_short | Effectiveness of Fly Ash and Red Mud as Strategies for Sustainable Acid Mine Drainage Management |
| title_sort | effectiveness of fly ash and red mud as strategies for sustainable acid mine drainage management |
| topic | acid mine drainage secondary materials management absorption precipitation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/10/8/707 |
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