Personalized Medicine in Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Broad Review of Emerging Treatments
Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) arises from parafollicular cells in the thyroid gland, and although rare, it represents an aggressive type of thyroid cancer. MTC is recognized for its low mutational burden, with point mutations in <i>RET</i> or <i>RAS</i> genes being the mo...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Journal of Personalized Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4426/13/7/1132 |
| _version_ | 1797588691508527104 |
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| author | Rui Sousa Martins Tito Teles Jesus Luís Cardoso Paula Soares João Vinagre |
| author_facet | Rui Sousa Martins Tito Teles Jesus Luís Cardoso Paula Soares João Vinagre |
| author_sort | Rui Sousa Martins |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) arises from parafollicular cells in the thyroid gland, and although rare, it represents an aggressive type of thyroid cancer. MTC is recognized for its low mutational burden, with point mutations in <i>RET</i> or <i>RAS</i> genes being the most common oncogenic events. MTC can be resistant to cytotoxic chemotherapy, and multitarget kinase inhibitors (MKIs) have been considered a treatment option. They act by inhibiting the activities of specific tyrosine kinase receptors involved in tumor growth and angiogenesis. Several tyrosine kinase inhibitors are approved in the treatment of advanced MTC, including vandetanib and cabozantinib. However, due to the significant number of adverse events, debatable efficiency and resistance, there is a need for novel RET-specific TKIs. Newer RET-specific TKIs are expected to overcome previous limitations and improve patient outcomes. Herein, we aim to review MTC signaling pathways, the most recent options for treatment and the applications for personalized medicine. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:55:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4df725e45ddc4f52a668d1e424aa2ce2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4426 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:55:37Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Personalized Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-4df725e45ddc4f52a668d1e424aa2ce22023-11-18T20:04:05ZengMDPI AGJournal of Personalized Medicine2075-44262023-07-01137113210.3390/jpm13071132Personalized Medicine in Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Broad Review of Emerging TreatmentsRui Sousa Martins0Tito Teles Jesus1Luís Cardoso2Paula Soares3João Vinagre4Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, PortugalInstituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, PortugalInstituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, PortugalInstituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, PortugalInstituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, PortugalMedullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) arises from parafollicular cells in the thyroid gland, and although rare, it represents an aggressive type of thyroid cancer. MTC is recognized for its low mutational burden, with point mutations in <i>RET</i> or <i>RAS</i> genes being the most common oncogenic events. MTC can be resistant to cytotoxic chemotherapy, and multitarget kinase inhibitors (MKIs) have been considered a treatment option. They act by inhibiting the activities of specific tyrosine kinase receptors involved in tumor growth and angiogenesis. Several tyrosine kinase inhibitors are approved in the treatment of advanced MTC, including vandetanib and cabozantinib. However, due to the significant number of adverse events, debatable efficiency and resistance, there is a need for novel RET-specific TKIs. Newer RET-specific TKIs are expected to overcome previous limitations and improve patient outcomes. Herein, we aim to review MTC signaling pathways, the most recent options for treatment and the applications for personalized medicine.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4426/13/7/1132MTC<i>RET</i>signaling pathwaysTKIsmultikinase inhibitors<i>RET</i>-specific inhibitors |
| spellingShingle | Rui Sousa Martins Tito Teles Jesus Luís Cardoso Paula Soares João Vinagre Personalized Medicine in Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Broad Review of Emerging Treatments Journal of Personalized Medicine MTC <i>RET</i> signaling pathways TKIs multikinase inhibitors <i>RET</i>-specific inhibitors |
| title | Personalized Medicine in Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Broad Review of Emerging Treatments |
| title_full | Personalized Medicine in Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Broad Review of Emerging Treatments |
| title_fullStr | Personalized Medicine in Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Broad Review of Emerging Treatments |
| title_full_unstemmed | Personalized Medicine in Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Broad Review of Emerging Treatments |
| title_short | Personalized Medicine in Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Broad Review of Emerging Treatments |
| title_sort | personalized medicine in medullary thyroid carcinoma a broad review of emerging treatments |
| topic | MTC <i>RET</i> signaling pathways TKIs multikinase inhibitors <i>RET</i>-specific inhibitors |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4426/13/7/1132 |
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