Phase Transitions in Poly(vinylidene fluoride)/Polymethylene-Based Diblock Copolymers and Blends
The crystallization and morphology of two linear diblock copolymers based on polymethylene (PM) and poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) with compositions PM<sub>23</sub>-b-PVDF<sub>77</sub> and PM<sub>38</sub>-b-PVDF<sub>62</sub> (where the subscripts ind...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-07-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/15/2442 |
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| author | Nicolás María Jon Maiz Daniel E. Martínez-Tong Angel Alegria Fatimah Algarni George Zapzas Nikos Hadjichristidis Alejandro J. Müller |
| author_facet | Nicolás María Jon Maiz Daniel E. Martínez-Tong Angel Alegria Fatimah Algarni George Zapzas Nikos Hadjichristidis Alejandro J. Müller |
| author_sort | Nicolás María |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The crystallization and morphology of two linear diblock copolymers based on polymethylene (PM) and poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) with compositions PM<sub>23</sub>-b-PVDF<sub>77</sub> and PM<sub>38</sub>-b-PVDF<sub>62</sub> (where the subscripts indicate the relative compositions in wt%) were compared with blends of neat components with identical compositions. The samples were studied by SAXS (Small Angle X-ray Scattering), WAXS (Wide Angle X-ray Scattering), PLOM (Polarized Light Optical Microscopy), TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy), DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry), BDS (broadband dielectric spectroscopy), and FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy). The results showed that the blends are immiscible, while the diblock copolymers are miscible in the melt state (or very weakly segregated). The PVDF component crystallization was studied in detail. It was found that the polymorphic structure of PVDF was a strong function of its environment. The number of polymorphs and their amount depended on whether it was on its own as a homopolymer, as a block component in the diblock copolymers or as an immiscible phase in the blends. The cooling rate in non-isothermal crystallization or the crystallization temperature in isothermal tests also induced different polymorphic compositions in the PVDF crystals. As a result, we were able to produce samples with exclusive ferroelectric phases at specific preparation conditions, while others with mixtures of paraelectric and ferroelectric phases. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:10:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4dfeb89c05344a54a3174d4c57c59e6d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:10:02Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-4dfeb89c05344a54a3174d4c57c59e6d2023-11-22T06:02:58ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602021-07-011315244210.3390/polym13152442Phase Transitions in Poly(vinylidene fluoride)/Polymethylene-Based Diblock Copolymers and BlendsNicolás María0Jon Maiz1Daniel E. Martínez-Tong2Angel Alegria3Fatimah Algarni4George Zapzas5Nikos Hadjichristidis6Alejandro J. Müller7POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida de Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, SpainPOLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida de Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, SpainCentro de Física de Materiales (CFM) (CSIC-UPV/EHU)-Matrials Physics Center (MPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, SpainCentro de Física de Materiales (CFM) (CSIC-UPV/EHU)-Matrials Physics Center (MPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, SpainKAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi ArabiaKAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi ArabiaKAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi ArabiaPOLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida de Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, SpainThe crystallization and morphology of two linear diblock copolymers based on polymethylene (PM) and poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) with compositions PM<sub>23</sub>-b-PVDF<sub>77</sub> and PM<sub>38</sub>-b-PVDF<sub>62</sub> (where the subscripts indicate the relative compositions in wt%) were compared with blends of neat components with identical compositions. The samples were studied by SAXS (Small Angle X-ray Scattering), WAXS (Wide Angle X-ray Scattering), PLOM (Polarized Light Optical Microscopy), TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy), DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry), BDS (broadband dielectric spectroscopy), and FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy). The results showed that the blends are immiscible, while the diblock copolymers are miscible in the melt state (or very weakly segregated). The PVDF component crystallization was studied in detail. It was found that the polymorphic structure of PVDF was a strong function of its environment. The number of polymorphs and their amount depended on whether it was on its own as a homopolymer, as a block component in the diblock copolymers or as an immiscible phase in the blends. The cooling rate in non-isothermal crystallization or the crystallization temperature in isothermal tests also induced different polymorphic compositions in the PVDF crystals. As a result, we were able to produce samples with exclusive ferroelectric phases at specific preparation conditions, while others with mixtures of paraelectric and ferroelectric phases.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/15/2442poly(vinylidene fluoride)/polymethyleneblendsdiblock copolymersferroelectric phase |
| spellingShingle | Nicolás María Jon Maiz Daniel E. Martínez-Tong Angel Alegria Fatimah Algarni George Zapzas Nikos Hadjichristidis Alejandro J. Müller Phase Transitions in Poly(vinylidene fluoride)/Polymethylene-Based Diblock Copolymers and Blends Polymers poly(vinylidene fluoride)/polymethylene blends diblock copolymers ferroelectric phase |
| title | Phase Transitions in Poly(vinylidene fluoride)/Polymethylene-Based Diblock Copolymers and Blends |
| title_full | Phase Transitions in Poly(vinylidene fluoride)/Polymethylene-Based Diblock Copolymers and Blends |
| title_fullStr | Phase Transitions in Poly(vinylidene fluoride)/Polymethylene-Based Diblock Copolymers and Blends |
| title_full_unstemmed | Phase Transitions in Poly(vinylidene fluoride)/Polymethylene-Based Diblock Copolymers and Blends |
| title_short | Phase Transitions in Poly(vinylidene fluoride)/Polymethylene-Based Diblock Copolymers and Blends |
| title_sort | phase transitions in poly vinylidene fluoride polymethylene based diblock copolymers and blends |
| topic | poly(vinylidene fluoride)/polymethylene blends diblock copolymers ferroelectric phase |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/15/2442 |
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