Upper-Limb Robot-Assisted Therapy Based on Visual Error Augmentation in Virtual Reality for Motor Recovery and Kinematics after Chronic Hemiparetic Stroke: A Feasibility Study
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of upper-limb robot-assisted therapy based on visual error augmentation in virtual reality (UL-RAT-VEAVR) for motor recovery and kinematics after chronic hemiparetic stroke. This study applied a single-group pre- and post-intervention study des...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Healthcare |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/10/7/1186 |
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| author | Ki-Hun Cho Mi-Ran Hong Won-Kyung Song |
| author_facet | Ki-Hun Cho Mi-Ran Hong Won-Kyung Song |
| author_sort | Ki-Hun Cho |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of upper-limb robot-assisted therapy based on visual error augmentation in virtual reality (UL-RAT-VEAVR) for motor recovery and kinematics after chronic hemiparetic stroke. This study applied a single-group pre- and post-intervention study design. A total of 27 stroke survivors (20 males and 7 females; mean age 54.51 years, mean onset duration 12.7 months) volunteered to participate in this study. UL-RAT-VEAVR was performed three times a week for four weeks, amounting to a total of twelve sessions, in which an end-effector-based robotic arm was used with a visual display environment in virtual reality. Each subject performed a total of 480 point-to-point movements toward 3 direction targets (medial, ipsilateral, and contralateral side) in the visual display environment system while holding the handle of the end-effector-based robotic arm. The visual error (distance to the targets on the monitor) in virtual reality was increased by 5% every week based on the subject’s maximum point-to-point reaching trajectory. Upper-limb motor recovery was measured in all subjects using the Fugl–Meyer Assessment (FMA) upper-limb subscale, the Box and Block Test (BBT), and the Action Research Arm Test (ARAT), before and after training. In addition, a kinematic assessment was also performed before and after training and consisted of time, speed, distance, and curvilinear ratio for point-to-point movement. There were significant improvements in both upper-limb motor function and kinematics after 4 weeks of UL-RAT-VEAVR (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Our results showed that the UL-RAT-VEAVR may have the potential to be used as one of the upper-limb rehabilitation strategies in chronic stroke survivors. Future studies should investigate the clinical effects of the error-augmentation paradigm using an RCT design. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:18:12Z |
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| id | doaj.art-4e09e2ba8980470aba9fa2d7c95b89c6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9032 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:18:12Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Healthcare |
| spelling | doaj.art-4e09e2ba8980470aba9fa2d7c95b89c62023-12-01T22:12:15ZengMDPI AGHealthcare2227-90322022-06-01107118610.3390/healthcare10071186Upper-Limb Robot-Assisted Therapy Based on Visual Error Augmentation in Virtual Reality for Motor Recovery and Kinematics after Chronic Hemiparetic Stroke: A Feasibility StudyKi-Hun Cho0Mi-Ran Hong1Won-Kyung Song2Department of Physical Therapy, Korea National University of Transportation, Jeungpyeong 27909, KoreaDepartment of Rehabilitative & Assistive Technology, National Rehabilitation Research Institute, National Rehabilitation Center, 58 Samgaksan-ro, Gangbuk-gu, Seoul 01022, KoreaDepartment of Rehabilitative & Assistive Technology, National Rehabilitation Research Institute, National Rehabilitation Center, 58 Samgaksan-ro, Gangbuk-gu, Seoul 01022, KoreaThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of upper-limb robot-assisted therapy based on visual error augmentation in virtual reality (UL-RAT-VEAVR) for motor recovery and kinematics after chronic hemiparetic stroke. This study applied a single-group pre- and post-intervention study design. A total of 27 stroke survivors (20 males and 7 females; mean age 54.51 years, mean onset duration 12.7 months) volunteered to participate in this study. UL-RAT-VEAVR was performed three times a week for four weeks, amounting to a total of twelve sessions, in which an end-effector-based robotic arm was used with a visual display environment in virtual reality. Each subject performed a total of 480 point-to-point movements toward 3 direction targets (medial, ipsilateral, and contralateral side) in the visual display environment system while holding the handle of the end-effector-based robotic arm. The visual error (distance to the targets on the monitor) in virtual reality was increased by 5% every week based on the subject’s maximum point-to-point reaching trajectory. Upper-limb motor recovery was measured in all subjects using the Fugl–Meyer Assessment (FMA) upper-limb subscale, the Box and Block Test (BBT), and the Action Research Arm Test (ARAT), before and after training. In addition, a kinematic assessment was also performed before and after training and consisted of time, speed, distance, and curvilinear ratio for point-to-point movement. There were significant improvements in both upper-limb motor function and kinematics after 4 weeks of UL-RAT-VEAVR (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Our results showed that the UL-RAT-VEAVR may have the potential to be used as one of the upper-limb rehabilitation strategies in chronic stroke survivors. Future studies should investigate the clinical effects of the error-augmentation paradigm using an RCT design.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/10/7/1186error augmentationrobot-assisted therapystrokeupper limbvirtual reality |
| spellingShingle | Ki-Hun Cho Mi-Ran Hong Won-Kyung Song Upper-Limb Robot-Assisted Therapy Based on Visual Error Augmentation in Virtual Reality for Motor Recovery and Kinematics after Chronic Hemiparetic Stroke: A Feasibility Study Healthcare error augmentation robot-assisted therapy stroke upper limb virtual reality |
| title | Upper-Limb Robot-Assisted Therapy Based on Visual Error Augmentation in Virtual Reality for Motor Recovery and Kinematics after Chronic Hemiparetic Stroke: A Feasibility Study |
| title_full | Upper-Limb Robot-Assisted Therapy Based on Visual Error Augmentation in Virtual Reality for Motor Recovery and Kinematics after Chronic Hemiparetic Stroke: A Feasibility Study |
| title_fullStr | Upper-Limb Robot-Assisted Therapy Based on Visual Error Augmentation in Virtual Reality for Motor Recovery and Kinematics after Chronic Hemiparetic Stroke: A Feasibility Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Upper-Limb Robot-Assisted Therapy Based on Visual Error Augmentation in Virtual Reality for Motor Recovery and Kinematics after Chronic Hemiparetic Stroke: A Feasibility Study |
| title_short | Upper-Limb Robot-Assisted Therapy Based on Visual Error Augmentation in Virtual Reality for Motor Recovery and Kinematics after Chronic Hemiparetic Stroke: A Feasibility Study |
| title_sort | upper limb robot assisted therapy based on visual error augmentation in virtual reality for motor recovery and kinematics after chronic hemiparetic stroke a feasibility study |
| topic | error augmentation robot-assisted therapy stroke upper limb virtual reality |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/10/7/1186 |
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