The Pathogenesis of End-Stage Renal Disease from the Standpoint of the Theory of General Pathological Processes of Inflammation
Chronic kidney disease can progress to end-stage chronic renal disease (ESRD), which requires the use of replacement therapy (dialysis or kidney transplant) in life-threatening conditions. In ESRD, irreversible changes in the kidneys are associated with systemic changes of proinflammatory nature and...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-10-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/21/11453 |
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| author | Evgenii Gusev Liliya Solomatina Yulia Zhuravleva Alexey Sarapultsev |
| author_facet | Evgenii Gusev Liliya Solomatina Yulia Zhuravleva Alexey Sarapultsev |
| author_sort | Evgenii Gusev |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Chronic kidney disease can progress to end-stage chronic renal disease (ESRD), which requires the use of replacement therapy (dialysis or kidney transplant) in life-threatening conditions. In ESRD, irreversible changes in the kidneys are associated with systemic changes of proinflammatory nature and dysfunctions of internal organs, skeletal muscles, and integumentary tissues. The common components of ESRD pathogenesis, regardless of the initial nosology, are (1) local (in the kidneys) and systemic chronic low-grade inflammation (ChLGI) as a risk factor for diabetic kidney disease and its progression to ESRD, (2) inflammation of the classical type characteristic of primary and secondary autoimmune glomerulonephritis and infectious recurrent pyelonephritis, as well as immune reactions in kidney allograft rejection, and (3) chronic systemic inflammation (ChSI), pathogenetically characterized by latent microcirculatory disorders and manifestations of paracoagulation. The development of ChSI is closely associated with programmed hemodialysis in ESRD, as well as with the systemic autoimmune process. Consideration of ESRD pathogenesis from the standpoint of the theory of general pathological processes opens up the scope not only for particular but also for universal approaches to conducting pathogenetic therapies and diagnosing and predicting systemic complications in severe nephropathies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:02:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4e12ed5c050d405ca18e84e93ac0d6c9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:02:33Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-4e12ed5c050d405ca18e84e93ac0d6c92023-11-22T20:52:26ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-10-0122211145310.3390/ijms222111453The Pathogenesis of End-Stage Renal Disease from the Standpoint of the Theory of General Pathological Processes of InflammationEvgenii Gusev0Liliya Solomatina1Yulia Zhuravleva2Alexey Sarapultsev3Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 620049 Ekaterinburg, RussiaInstitute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 620049 Ekaterinburg, RussiaInstitute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 620049 Ekaterinburg, RussiaInstitute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 620049 Ekaterinburg, RussiaChronic kidney disease can progress to end-stage chronic renal disease (ESRD), which requires the use of replacement therapy (dialysis or kidney transplant) in life-threatening conditions. In ESRD, irreversible changes in the kidneys are associated with systemic changes of proinflammatory nature and dysfunctions of internal organs, skeletal muscles, and integumentary tissues. The common components of ESRD pathogenesis, regardless of the initial nosology, are (1) local (in the kidneys) and systemic chronic low-grade inflammation (ChLGI) as a risk factor for diabetic kidney disease and its progression to ESRD, (2) inflammation of the classical type characteristic of primary and secondary autoimmune glomerulonephritis and infectious recurrent pyelonephritis, as well as immune reactions in kidney allograft rejection, and (3) chronic systemic inflammation (ChSI), pathogenetically characterized by latent microcirculatory disorders and manifestations of paracoagulation. The development of ChSI is closely associated with programmed hemodialysis in ESRD, as well as with the systemic autoimmune process. Consideration of ESRD pathogenesis from the standpoint of the theory of general pathological processes opens up the scope not only for particular but also for universal approaches to conducting pathogenetic therapies and diagnosing and predicting systemic complications in severe nephropathies.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/21/11453cellular stresschronic low-grade inflammationchronic systemic inflammationclassical inflammationend-stage renal diseasecytokines |
| spellingShingle | Evgenii Gusev Liliya Solomatina Yulia Zhuravleva Alexey Sarapultsev The Pathogenesis of End-Stage Renal Disease from the Standpoint of the Theory of General Pathological Processes of Inflammation International Journal of Molecular Sciences cellular stress chronic low-grade inflammation chronic systemic inflammation classical inflammation end-stage renal disease cytokines |
| title | The Pathogenesis of End-Stage Renal Disease from the Standpoint of the Theory of General Pathological Processes of Inflammation |
| title_full | The Pathogenesis of End-Stage Renal Disease from the Standpoint of the Theory of General Pathological Processes of Inflammation |
| title_fullStr | The Pathogenesis of End-Stage Renal Disease from the Standpoint of the Theory of General Pathological Processes of Inflammation |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Pathogenesis of End-Stage Renal Disease from the Standpoint of the Theory of General Pathological Processes of Inflammation |
| title_short | The Pathogenesis of End-Stage Renal Disease from the Standpoint of the Theory of General Pathological Processes of Inflammation |
| title_sort | pathogenesis of end stage renal disease from the standpoint of the theory of general pathological processes of inflammation |
| topic | cellular stress chronic low-grade inflammation chronic systemic inflammation classical inflammation end-stage renal disease cytokines |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/21/11453 |
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