Inventory of Fatty Acid Desaturases in the Pennate Diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum
The diatom Phaeodactylum is rich in very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Fatty acid (FA) synthesis, elongation, and desaturation have been studied in depth in plants including Arabidopsis, but for secondary endosymbionts the full picture remains unclear. FAs are synthesized up to a c...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2015-03-01
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| Series: | Marine Drugs |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/13/3/1317 |
| _version_ | 1828116523522195456 |
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| author | Lina-Juana Dolch Eric Maréchal |
| author_facet | Lina-Juana Dolch Eric Maréchal |
| author_sort | Lina-Juana Dolch |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The diatom Phaeodactylum is rich in very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Fatty acid (FA) synthesis, elongation, and desaturation have been studied in depth in plants including Arabidopsis, but for secondary endosymbionts the full picture remains unclear. FAs are synthesized up to a chain length of 18 carbons inside chloroplasts, where they can be incorporated into glycerolipids. They are also exported to the ER for phospho- and betaine lipid syntheses. Elongation of FAs up to 22 carbons occurs in the ER. PUFAs can be reimported into plastids to serve as precursors for glycerolipids. In both organelles, FA desaturases are present, introducing double bonds between carbon atoms and giving rise to a variety of molecular species. In addition to the four desaturases characterized in Phaeodactylum (FAD2, FAD6, PtD5, PtD6), we identified eight putative desaturase genes. Combining subcellular localization predictions and comparisons with desaturases from other organisms like Arabidopsis, we propose a scheme at the whole cell level, including features that are likely specific to secondary endosymbionts. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T12:59:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4e1eef3f9860402fbdc1ad7a088fa82a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1660-3397 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T12:59:20Z |
| publishDate | 2015-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Marine Drugs |
| spelling | doaj.art-4e1eef3f9860402fbdc1ad7a088fa82a2022-12-22T04:23:00ZengMDPI AGMarine Drugs1660-33972015-03-011331317133910.3390/md13031317md13031317Inventory of Fatty Acid Desaturases in the Pennate Diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutumLina-Juana Dolch0Eric Maréchal1Laboratory of Plant and Cell Physiology/Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Unité mixte de recherche 5168 CNRS-CEA-Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut de Recherche en Sciences et Technologies pour le Vivant, CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, FranceLaboratory of Plant and Cell Physiology/Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Unité mixte de recherche 5168 CNRS-CEA-Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut de Recherche en Sciences et Technologies pour le Vivant, CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, FranceThe diatom Phaeodactylum is rich in very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Fatty acid (FA) synthesis, elongation, and desaturation have been studied in depth in plants including Arabidopsis, but for secondary endosymbionts the full picture remains unclear. FAs are synthesized up to a chain length of 18 carbons inside chloroplasts, where they can be incorporated into glycerolipids. They are also exported to the ER for phospho- and betaine lipid syntheses. Elongation of FAs up to 22 carbons occurs in the ER. PUFAs can be reimported into plastids to serve as precursors for glycerolipids. In both organelles, FA desaturases are present, introducing double bonds between carbon atoms and giving rise to a variety of molecular species. In addition to the four desaturases characterized in Phaeodactylum (FAD2, FAD6, PtD5, PtD6), we identified eight putative desaturase genes. Combining subcellular localization predictions and comparisons with desaturases from other organisms like Arabidopsis, we propose a scheme at the whole cell level, including features that are likely specific to secondary endosymbionts.http://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/13/3/1317Arabidopsisphaeodactylumdiatomsfatty aciddesaturaselipidEPAfront-end desaturasepolyunsaturated fatty acids |
| spellingShingle | Lina-Juana Dolch Eric Maréchal Inventory of Fatty Acid Desaturases in the Pennate Diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum Marine Drugs Arabidopsis phaeodactylum diatoms fatty acid desaturase lipid EPA front-end desaturase polyunsaturated fatty acids |
| title | Inventory of Fatty Acid Desaturases in the Pennate Diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum |
| title_full | Inventory of Fatty Acid Desaturases in the Pennate Diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum |
| title_fullStr | Inventory of Fatty Acid Desaturases in the Pennate Diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum |
| title_full_unstemmed | Inventory of Fatty Acid Desaturases in the Pennate Diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum |
| title_short | Inventory of Fatty Acid Desaturases in the Pennate Diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum |
| title_sort | inventory of fatty acid desaturases in the pennate diatom phaeodactylum tricornutum |
| topic | Arabidopsis phaeodactylum diatoms fatty acid desaturase lipid EPA front-end desaturase polyunsaturated fatty acids |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/13/3/1317 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT linajuanadolch inventoryoffattyaciddesaturasesinthepennatediatomphaeodactylumtricornutum AT ericmarechal inventoryoffattyaciddesaturasesinthepennatediatomphaeodactylumtricornutum |