A Universal Graphical Solution to Calculating Seepage in Excavation of Anisotropic Soils and Non-Limited Scenarios
The interaction between groundwater and civil engineering works is a key aspect in geotechnical design. In the case of excavations confined in sheet pile walls, steel sheeting, diaphragm walls, cut-off walls, or cofferdams, this design requires the estimation, among other soil mechanics properties,...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Geotechnics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-7094/3/3/39 |
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| author | Salvador Navarro Carrasco José Antonio Jiménez-Valera Ivan Alhama |
| author_facet | Salvador Navarro Carrasco José Antonio Jiménez-Valera Ivan Alhama |
| author_sort | Salvador Navarro Carrasco |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The interaction between groundwater and civil engineering works is a key aspect in geotechnical design. In the case of excavations confined in sheet pile walls, steel sheeting, diaphragm walls, cut-off walls, or cofferdams, this design requires the estimation, among other soil mechanics properties, of the groundwater flowing into the excavation (seepage) caused by piezometry depletion. Numerical methods, graphical solutions, and analytical procedures are the methodologies traditionally used to solve this issue, solutions of which require an understanding of basic soil mechanical properties, hydraulic conditions and structure geometry. In this work, the discriminated non-dimensionalization technique is applied to obtain, for the first time, the dimensionless groups that govern the seepage, in anisotropic conditions, in large-scale scenarios where groundwater flow is not conditioned by impervious bedrock or the length of the back of the wall: <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">π</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi></mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">b</mi></mrow></mfrac><mo>,</mo><msub><mrow><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">π</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><msub><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">k</mi></mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">x</mi></mrow></msub><msup><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">b</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></mrow><mrow><msub><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">k</mi></mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">y</mi></mrow></msub><msup><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></mfrac><mo> </mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>and, <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">π</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">T</mi><mo>/</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">b</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>. Numerical simulations are carried out to check the validity of dimensionless groups and to develop three sets of type curves that relate to these groups. Once the physical and geometrical data are known, the seepage (Q), the characteristic depth (T*) and the characteristic horizontal extension (L*) can be directly and easily calculated from these abacuses. The influence of anisotropy on the characteristic lengths is also addressed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:42:09Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2673-7094 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:42:09Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Geotechnics |
| spelling | doaj.art-4e23f00a29224055b61f3681d21f2c6e2023-11-19T10:55:11ZengMDPI AGGeotechnics2673-70942023-08-013371973010.3390/geotechnics3030039A Universal Graphical Solution to Calculating Seepage in Excavation of Anisotropic Soils and Non-Limited ScenariosSalvador Navarro Carrasco0José Antonio Jiménez-Valera1Ivan Alhama2Mining and Civil Engineering Department, Technical University of Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII, 52, 30203 Cartagena, SpainMining and Civil Engineering Department, Technical University of Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII, 52, 30203 Cartagena, SpainMining and Civil Engineering Department, Technical University of Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII, 52, 30203 Cartagena, SpainThe interaction between groundwater and civil engineering works is a key aspect in geotechnical design. In the case of excavations confined in sheet pile walls, steel sheeting, diaphragm walls, cut-off walls, or cofferdams, this design requires the estimation, among other soil mechanics properties, of the groundwater flowing into the excavation (seepage) caused by piezometry depletion. Numerical methods, graphical solutions, and analytical procedures are the methodologies traditionally used to solve this issue, solutions of which require an understanding of basic soil mechanical properties, hydraulic conditions and structure geometry. In this work, the discriminated non-dimensionalization technique is applied to obtain, for the first time, the dimensionless groups that govern the seepage, in anisotropic conditions, in large-scale scenarios where groundwater flow is not conditioned by impervious bedrock or the length of the back of the wall: <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">π</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi></mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">b</mi></mrow></mfrac><mo>,</mo><msub><mrow><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">π</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><msub><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">k</mi></mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">x</mi></mrow></msub><msup><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">b</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></mrow><mrow><msub><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">k</mi></mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">y</mi></mrow></msub><msup><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></mfrac><mo> </mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>and, <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">π</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">T</mi><mo>/</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">b</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>. Numerical simulations are carried out to check the validity of dimensionless groups and to develop three sets of type curves that relate to these groups. Once the physical and geometrical data are known, the seepage (Q), the characteristic depth (T*) and the characteristic horizontal extension (L*) can be directly and easily calculated from these abacuses. The influence of anisotropy on the characteristic lengths is also addressed.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-7094/3/3/39seepageanisotropic mediatype curvesexcavationsretaining structures |
| spellingShingle | Salvador Navarro Carrasco José Antonio Jiménez-Valera Ivan Alhama A Universal Graphical Solution to Calculating Seepage in Excavation of Anisotropic Soils and Non-Limited Scenarios Geotechnics seepage anisotropic media type curves excavations retaining structures |
| title | A Universal Graphical Solution to Calculating Seepage in Excavation of Anisotropic Soils and Non-Limited Scenarios |
| title_full | A Universal Graphical Solution to Calculating Seepage in Excavation of Anisotropic Soils and Non-Limited Scenarios |
| title_fullStr | A Universal Graphical Solution to Calculating Seepage in Excavation of Anisotropic Soils and Non-Limited Scenarios |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Universal Graphical Solution to Calculating Seepage in Excavation of Anisotropic Soils and Non-Limited Scenarios |
| title_short | A Universal Graphical Solution to Calculating Seepage in Excavation of Anisotropic Soils and Non-Limited Scenarios |
| title_sort | universal graphical solution to calculating seepage in excavation of anisotropic soils and non limited scenarios |
| topic | seepage anisotropic media type curves excavations retaining structures |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-7094/3/3/39 |
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