Spatial and temporal distribution of phytoplankton community in relation to environmental factors in the southern coastal waters of Korea
The spatial and temporal environmental conditions in the southern coastal waters of Korea (SCWK) as a complex area, which is influenced by both ocean currents and anthropogenic nutrient inputs, are highly variable. The impacts of environmental factors on the distribution of phytoplankton community s...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Marine Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2022.950234/full |
| _version_ | 1798000179719176192 |
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| author | Yanxu Sun Yanxu Sun Seok-Hyun Youn Hyun Joo Oh Hui-Tae Joo Yejin Kim Jae Joong Kang Dabin Lee Kwanwoo Kim Hyo Keun Jang Naeun Jo Mi Sun Yun Linhe Sun Sang Heon Lee |
| author_facet | Yanxu Sun Yanxu Sun Seok-Hyun Youn Hyun Joo Oh Hui-Tae Joo Yejin Kim Jae Joong Kang Dabin Lee Kwanwoo Kim Hyo Keun Jang Naeun Jo Mi Sun Yun Linhe Sun Sang Heon Lee |
| author_sort | Yanxu Sun |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The spatial and temporal environmental conditions in the southern coastal waters of Korea (SCWK) as a complex area, which is influenced by both ocean currents and anthropogenic nutrient inputs, are highly variable. The impacts of environmental factors on the distribution of phytoplankton community structure in the SCWK remain unclear. Based on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of a variety of photosynthetic pigments, spatial and temporal variations in phytoplankton community compositions were investigated in the SCWK. Cluster analysis, correlation analysis, and generalized additive models (GAMs) were used to explore the major phytoplankton groups and their response patterns to temperature, salinity, depth, and macronutrients. The results indicated that diatoms were the absolute dominant groups in the SCWK for all seasons, especially in cold seasons. Diatoms mainly concentrated at 1% light depths, while high chlorophyll-a concentrations (>3 µg/L) occurred at 100% and 30% light depths with good light conditions. Both clustering and correlation analyses showed that diatoms had a strong positive correlation with macronutrients such as dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), dissolved inorganic phosphate (DIP), and dissolved silica (DSi). The temperature and salinity discrepancy between surface and bottom layers in summer caused a strong water stratification resulting in blocking nutrient-rich bottom water upwelling and leading cyanobacteria to become the dominant groups at 100% and 30% light depths in summer. Consistently, the cyanobacteria were highly associated with high temperature and low salinity in the correlation analysis and GAM results. Compared with diatom-predominant sites, cryptophytes and diatom-dominated sites are characterized by higher average excess nitrate (ExN). Further research on the responses of small-sized prokaryotic phytoplankton especially cyanobacteria to environmental variations and their primary production contributions would warrant a better understanding of the SCWK ecosystem. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T11:16:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4e37e04a45054de88ecf22721cb340f0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-7745 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T11:16:03Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Marine Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-4e37e04a45054de88ecf22721cb340f02022-12-22T04:27:13ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Marine Science2296-77452022-09-01910.3389/fmars.2022.950234950234Spatial and temporal distribution of phytoplankton community in relation to environmental factors in the southern coastal waters of KoreaYanxu Sun0Yanxu Sun1Seok-Hyun Youn2Hyun Joo Oh3Hui-Tae Joo4Yejin Kim5Jae Joong Kang6Dabin Lee7Kwanwoo Kim8Hyo Keun Jang9Naeun Jo10Mi Sun Yun11Linhe Sun12Sang Heon Lee13Department of Oceanography, Pusan National University, Busan, South KoreaGraduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, JapanOceanic Climate & Ecology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, South KoreaOceanic Climate & Ecology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, South KoreaOceanic Climate & Ecology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, South KoreaDepartment of Oceanography, Pusan National University, Busan, South KoreaDepartment of Oceanography, Pusan National University, Busan, South KoreaDepartment of Oceanography, Pusan National University, Busan, South KoreaDepartment of Oceanography, Pusan National University, Busan, South KoreaDepartment of Oceanography, Pusan National University, Busan, South KoreaDepartment of Oceanography, Pusan National University, Busan, South KoreaInstitute for Advanced Marine Research, China University of Geosciences, Guangzhou, ChinaInstitute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, ChinaDepartment of Oceanography, Pusan National University, Busan, South KoreaThe spatial and temporal environmental conditions in the southern coastal waters of Korea (SCWK) as a complex area, which is influenced by both ocean currents and anthropogenic nutrient inputs, are highly variable. The impacts of environmental factors on the distribution of phytoplankton community structure in the SCWK remain unclear. Based on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of a variety of photosynthetic pigments, spatial and temporal variations in phytoplankton community compositions were investigated in the SCWK. Cluster analysis, correlation analysis, and generalized additive models (GAMs) were used to explore the major phytoplankton groups and their response patterns to temperature, salinity, depth, and macronutrients. The results indicated that diatoms were the absolute dominant groups in the SCWK for all seasons, especially in cold seasons. Diatoms mainly concentrated at 1% light depths, while high chlorophyll-a concentrations (>3 µg/L) occurred at 100% and 30% light depths with good light conditions. Both clustering and correlation analyses showed that diatoms had a strong positive correlation with macronutrients such as dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), dissolved inorganic phosphate (DIP), and dissolved silica (DSi). The temperature and salinity discrepancy between surface and bottom layers in summer caused a strong water stratification resulting in blocking nutrient-rich bottom water upwelling and leading cyanobacteria to become the dominant groups at 100% and 30% light depths in summer. Consistently, the cyanobacteria were highly associated with high temperature and low salinity in the correlation analysis and GAM results. Compared with diatom-predominant sites, cryptophytes and diatom-dominated sites are characterized by higher average excess nitrate (ExN). Further research on the responses of small-sized prokaryotic phytoplankton especially cyanobacteria to environmental variations and their primary production contributions would warrant a better understanding of the SCWK ecosystem.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2022.950234/fullphytoplankton communityHPLCgeneralized additive modelscyanobacteriadiatomsouthern coastal waters of Korea |
| spellingShingle | Yanxu Sun Yanxu Sun Seok-Hyun Youn Hyun Joo Oh Hui-Tae Joo Yejin Kim Jae Joong Kang Dabin Lee Kwanwoo Kim Hyo Keun Jang Naeun Jo Mi Sun Yun Linhe Sun Sang Heon Lee Spatial and temporal distribution of phytoplankton community in relation to environmental factors in the southern coastal waters of Korea Frontiers in Marine Science phytoplankton community HPLC generalized additive models cyanobacteria diatom southern coastal waters of Korea |
| title | Spatial and temporal distribution of phytoplankton community in relation to environmental factors in the southern coastal waters of Korea |
| title_full | Spatial and temporal distribution of phytoplankton community in relation to environmental factors in the southern coastal waters of Korea |
| title_fullStr | Spatial and temporal distribution of phytoplankton community in relation to environmental factors in the southern coastal waters of Korea |
| title_full_unstemmed | Spatial and temporal distribution of phytoplankton community in relation to environmental factors in the southern coastal waters of Korea |
| title_short | Spatial and temporal distribution of phytoplankton community in relation to environmental factors in the southern coastal waters of Korea |
| title_sort | spatial and temporal distribution of phytoplankton community in relation to environmental factors in the southern coastal waters of korea |
| topic | phytoplankton community HPLC generalized additive models cyanobacteria diatom southern coastal waters of Korea |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2022.950234/full |
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