Therapeutic Effects of Atranorin towards the Proliferation of <i>Babesia</i> and <i>Theileria</i> Parasites
Atranorin (ATR), is a compound with multidirectional biological activity under different in vitro and in vivo conditions and it is effective as an antibacterial, antiviral, antiprotozoal and anti-inflammatory agent. In the current study, the in vitro as well as in vivo chemotherapeutic effect of ATR...
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MDPI AG
2020-02-01
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| Series: | Pathogens |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/9/2/127 |
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| author | Amany Magdy Beshbishy Gaber El-Saber Batiha Luay Alkazmi Eman Nadwa Eman Rashwan Ahmed Abdeen Naoaki Yokoyama Ikuo Igarashi |
| author_facet | Amany Magdy Beshbishy Gaber El-Saber Batiha Luay Alkazmi Eman Nadwa Eman Rashwan Ahmed Abdeen Naoaki Yokoyama Ikuo Igarashi |
| author_sort | Amany Magdy Beshbishy |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Atranorin (ATR), is a compound with multidirectional biological activity under different in vitro and in vivo conditions and it is effective as an antibacterial, antiviral, antiprotozoal and anti-inflammatory agent. In the current study, the in vitro as well as in vivo chemotherapeutic effect of ATR as well as its combined efficacy with the existing antibabesial drugs (diminazene aceturate (DA), atovaquone (AV) and clofazimine (CF)) were investigated on six species of piroplasm parasites. ATR suppressed <i>B. bovis, B. bigemina, B. divergens, B. caballi</i> and <i>T. equi</i> multiplication in vitro with IC<sub>50</sub> values of 98.4 ± 4.2, 64.5 ± 3.9, 45.2 ± 5.9, 46.6 ± 2.5, and 71.3 ± 2.7 µM, respectively. The CCK test was used to examine ATR’s cytotoxicity and adverse effects on different animal and human cell lines, the main hosts of piroplasm parasites and it showed that ATR affected human foreskin fibroblasts (HFF), mouse embryonic fibroblast (NIH/3T3) and Madin-Darby Bovine Kidney (MDBK) cell viability in a dose-related effect with a moderate selective index. The combined efficacy of ATR with DA, CF, and AV exhibited a synergistic and additive efficacy toward all tested species. In the in vivo experiment, ATR prohibited <i>B. microti</i> multiplication in mice by 68.17%. The ATR-DA and ATR-AV combination chemotherapies were more potent than ATR monotherapy. These results indicate the prospects of ATR as a drug candidate for piroplasmosis treatment. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T06:45:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4e3d5189b2024c0786e44b0d6b30e21b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-0817 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T06:45:04Z |
| publishDate | 2020-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj.art-4e3d5189b2024c0786e44b0d6b30e21b2022-12-22T01:58:40ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172020-02-019212710.3390/pathogens9020127pathogens9020127Therapeutic Effects of Atranorin towards the Proliferation of <i>Babesia</i> and <i>Theileria</i> ParasitesAmany Magdy Beshbishy0Gaber El-Saber Batiha1Luay Alkazmi2Eman Nadwa3Eman Rashwan4Ahmed Abdeen5Naoaki Yokoyama6Ikuo Igarashi7National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-13, Inada-cho 080-8555, Obihiro, Hokkaido, JapanNational Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-13, Inada-cho 080-8555, Obihiro, Hokkaido, JapanBiology Department, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka 72345, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Physiology, College of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assuit 71524, EgyptDepartment of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh 13736, EgyptNational Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-13, Inada-cho 080-8555, Obihiro, Hokkaido, JapanNational Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-13, Inada-cho 080-8555, Obihiro, Hokkaido, JapanAtranorin (ATR), is a compound with multidirectional biological activity under different in vitro and in vivo conditions and it is effective as an antibacterial, antiviral, antiprotozoal and anti-inflammatory agent. In the current study, the in vitro as well as in vivo chemotherapeutic effect of ATR as well as its combined efficacy with the existing antibabesial drugs (diminazene aceturate (DA), atovaquone (AV) and clofazimine (CF)) were investigated on six species of piroplasm parasites. ATR suppressed <i>B. bovis, B. bigemina, B. divergens, B. caballi</i> and <i>T. equi</i> multiplication in vitro with IC<sub>50</sub> values of 98.4 ± 4.2, 64.5 ± 3.9, 45.2 ± 5.9, 46.6 ± 2.5, and 71.3 ± 2.7 µM, respectively. The CCK test was used to examine ATR’s cytotoxicity and adverse effects on different animal and human cell lines, the main hosts of piroplasm parasites and it showed that ATR affected human foreskin fibroblasts (HFF), mouse embryonic fibroblast (NIH/3T3) and Madin-Darby Bovine Kidney (MDBK) cell viability in a dose-related effect with a moderate selective index. The combined efficacy of ATR with DA, CF, and AV exhibited a synergistic and additive efficacy toward all tested species. In the in vivo experiment, ATR prohibited <i>B. microti</i> multiplication in mice by 68.17%. The ATR-DA and ATR-AV combination chemotherapies were more potent than ATR monotherapy. These results indicate the prospects of ATR as a drug candidate for piroplasmosis treatment.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/9/2/127atranorindrug discoverypiroplasmosis controlchemoprophylactic agents<i>babesia</i> sp.<i>theileria</i> sp. |
| spellingShingle | Amany Magdy Beshbishy Gaber El-Saber Batiha Luay Alkazmi Eman Nadwa Eman Rashwan Ahmed Abdeen Naoaki Yokoyama Ikuo Igarashi Therapeutic Effects of Atranorin towards the Proliferation of <i>Babesia</i> and <i>Theileria</i> Parasites Pathogens atranorin drug discovery piroplasmosis control chemoprophylactic agents <i>babesia</i> sp. <i>theileria</i> sp. |
| title | Therapeutic Effects of Atranorin towards the Proliferation of <i>Babesia</i> and <i>Theileria</i> Parasites |
| title_full | Therapeutic Effects of Atranorin towards the Proliferation of <i>Babesia</i> and <i>Theileria</i> Parasites |
| title_fullStr | Therapeutic Effects of Atranorin towards the Proliferation of <i>Babesia</i> and <i>Theileria</i> Parasites |
| title_full_unstemmed | Therapeutic Effects of Atranorin towards the Proliferation of <i>Babesia</i> and <i>Theileria</i> Parasites |
| title_short | Therapeutic Effects of Atranorin towards the Proliferation of <i>Babesia</i> and <i>Theileria</i> Parasites |
| title_sort | therapeutic effects of atranorin towards the proliferation of i babesia i and i theileria i parasites |
| topic | atranorin drug discovery piroplasmosis control chemoprophylactic agents <i>babesia</i> sp. <i>theileria</i> sp. |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/9/2/127 |
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