Human Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in the Urban Road Dust of Zhengzhou Metropolis, China
The goal of this research is to assess hazardous heavy metal levels in PM<sub>2.5</sub> fractioned road dust in order to quantify the risk of inhalation and potential health effects. To accomplish this, Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy (ICP-MS) was used to determine concentra...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-09-01
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| Series: | Atmosphere |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/12/9/1213 |
| _version_ | 1797520247413014528 |
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| author | Muhammad Faisal Zening Wu Huiliang Wang Zafar Hussain Muhammad Imran Azam |
| author_facet | Muhammad Faisal Zening Wu Huiliang Wang Zafar Hussain Muhammad Imran Azam |
| author_sort | Muhammad Faisal |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The goal of this research is to assess hazardous heavy metal levels in PM<sub>2.5</sub> fractioned road dust in order to quantify the risk of inhalation and potential health effects. To accomplish this, Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy (ICP-MS) was used to determine concentrations of eight heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, Cd, As, Pb, and Hg) in the PM<sub>2.5</sub> portion of road dust samples from five different land use areas (commercial, residential, industrial, parks, and educational) in Zhengzhou, China. The following were the average heavy metal concentrations in the city: Cr 46.26 mg/kg, Cu 25.13 mg/kg, Ni 12.51 mg/kg, Zn 152.35 mg/kg, Cd 0.56 mg/kg, As 11.53 mg/kg, Pb 52.15 mg/kg, and Hg 0.32 mg/kg. Two pollution indicators, the Pollution Index (PI) and the Geoaccumulation Index (I<sub>geo</sub>), were used to determine the degree of contamination. Both PI and I<sub>geo</sub> indicated the extreme pollution of Hg and Cd, while PI also ranked Zn in the extreme polluted range. The US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) model for adults and children was used to estimate health risks by inhalation. The results identified non-carcinogenic exposure of children to lead (HI > 0.1) in commercial and industrial areas. Both children and adults in Zhengzhou’s commercial, residential, and park areas are exposed to higher levels of copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn). |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:54:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4e40fead0dbd42dab9e048b82a832bf0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4433 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:54:05Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmosphere |
| spelling | doaj.art-4e40fead0dbd42dab9e048b82a832bf02023-11-22T12:00:57ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332021-09-01129121310.3390/atmos12091213Human Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in the Urban Road Dust of Zhengzhou Metropolis, ChinaMuhammad Faisal0Zening Wu1Huiliang Wang2Zafar Hussain3Muhammad Imran Azam4College of Water Conservancy Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaCollege of Water Conservancy Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaCollege of Water Conservancy Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaCollege of Water Conservancy Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaHydropower and Water Resources Section, Zeeruk International (PVT), Islamabad 44000, PakistanThe goal of this research is to assess hazardous heavy metal levels in PM<sub>2.5</sub> fractioned road dust in order to quantify the risk of inhalation and potential health effects. To accomplish this, Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy (ICP-MS) was used to determine concentrations of eight heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, Cd, As, Pb, and Hg) in the PM<sub>2.5</sub> portion of road dust samples from five different land use areas (commercial, residential, industrial, parks, and educational) in Zhengzhou, China. The following were the average heavy metal concentrations in the city: Cr 46.26 mg/kg, Cu 25.13 mg/kg, Ni 12.51 mg/kg, Zn 152.35 mg/kg, Cd 0.56 mg/kg, As 11.53 mg/kg, Pb 52.15 mg/kg, and Hg 0.32 mg/kg. Two pollution indicators, the Pollution Index (PI) and the Geoaccumulation Index (I<sub>geo</sub>), were used to determine the degree of contamination. Both PI and I<sub>geo</sub> indicated the extreme pollution of Hg and Cd, while PI also ranked Zn in the extreme polluted range. The US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) model for adults and children was used to estimate health risks by inhalation. The results identified non-carcinogenic exposure of children to lead (HI > 0.1) in commercial and industrial areas. Both children and adults in Zhengzhou’s commercial, residential, and park areas are exposed to higher levels of copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn).https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/12/9/1213geo-accumulation indexheavy metalsroad dustinhalationresuspensioncancer |
| spellingShingle | Muhammad Faisal Zening Wu Huiliang Wang Zafar Hussain Muhammad Imran Azam Human Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in the Urban Road Dust of Zhengzhou Metropolis, China Atmosphere geo-accumulation index heavy metals road dust inhalation resuspension cancer |
| title | Human Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in the Urban Road Dust of Zhengzhou Metropolis, China |
| title_full | Human Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in the Urban Road Dust of Zhengzhou Metropolis, China |
| title_fullStr | Human Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in the Urban Road Dust of Zhengzhou Metropolis, China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Human Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in the Urban Road Dust of Zhengzhou Metropolis, China |
| title_short | Human Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in the Urban Road Dust of Zhengzhou Metropolis, China |
| title_sort | human health risk assessment of heavy metals in the urban road dust of zhengzhou metropolis china |
| topic | geo-accumulation index heavy metals road dust inhalation resuspension cancer |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/12/9/1213 |
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