Individual-, Family-, and School-Level Ecological Correlates With Physical Fitness Among Chinese School-Aged Children and Adolescents: A National Cross-Sectional Survey in 2014
Introduction: Few studies have examined the association between the individual-, family-, and school-level ecological correlates and physical fitness among Chinese children and adolescents, which is the purpose of the present study.Methods: A total of 157,168 children and adolescents, 10-18 years of...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-08-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Nutrition |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2021.684286/full |
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| author | Yanhui Dong Yanhui Dong Manman Chen Manman Chen Li Chen Li Chen Bo Wen Bo Wen Yide Yang Zhenghe Wang Yinghua Ma Yinghua Ma Yi Song Yi Song Jun Ma Jun Ma Patrick W. C. Lau Patrick W. C. Lau |
| author_facet | Yanhui Dong Yanhui Dong Manman Chen Manman Chen Li Chen Li Chen Bo Wen Bo Wen Yide Yang Zhenghe Wang Yinghua Ma Yinghua Ma Yi Song Yi Song Jun Ma Jun Ma Patrick W. C. Lau Patrick W. C. Lau |
| author_sort | Yanhui Dong |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction: Few studies have examined the association between the individual-, family-, and school-level ecological correlates and physical fitness among Chinese children and adolescents, which is the purpose of the present study.Methods: A total of 157,168 children and adolescents, 10-18 years of age, with physical fitness data in 2014, participated in the study. Physical fitness was assessed, using six tests: forced vital capacity, standing long jump, sit and reach, body muscle strength, 50-m dash, and endurance running. Scores were aggregated to form a summary physical fitness indicator (PFI), which was then classified into five levels: low, low-middle, middle, middle-high, and high. Each option of individual-, family-, and school-level measures were constructed into a positive or negative correlate of physical fitness and then accumulated as a composite ecological score.Results: Among the 20 individual-, family-, and school-level correlates, 18 were found to be significantly associated with PFI, with high PFI levels being correlated with the positive group of correlates and low PFI levels correlated with the negative group of correlates (p < 0.05). High scores of ecological correlates were associated with a high level of PFI [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.07)] whereas low scores were associated with a low level of PFI (OR = 0.95, 95% CI:0.95, 0.95). The ecological correlates at the individual, school- and family-levels were shown to be significantly related to high PFI among Chinese children and adolescents aged 10-18 years with different ORs of 5.97 (95% CI: 5.51, 6.47), 3.94 (3.66, 4.24), and 1.25 (1.19, 1.31). The PAR% of 20 cumulative factors effects due to the negative and positive responses for low PFI levels were 35.9 and 16.1%, and, for high PFI levels, were 15.3 and 24.1%, among Chinese children and adolescents, respectively. Compared with the correlates at family and school levels, the correlates at individual levels had the largest PAR%.Conclusion: Individual-, family-, and school-multilevel factors had a significant cumulative association with either improving or worsening aspects of physical fitness. Individual level factors remain at the core of physical fitness improvement. Comprehensive policies and measures are urgently needed to enhance the physical fitness of Chinese children and adolescents through involving further individual and environmental factors. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T10:26:42Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-4e411c13219a43b3830f94fef23bc7f52022-12-21T18:29:27ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Nutrition2296-861X2021-08-01810.3389/fnut.2021.684286684286Individual-, Family-, and School-Level Ecological Correlates With Physical Fitness Among Chinese School-Aged Children and Adolescents: A National Cross-Sectional Survey in 2014Yanhui Dong0Yanhui Dong1Manman Chen2Manman Chen3Li Chen4Li Chen5Bo Wen6Bo Wen7Yide Yang8Zhenghe Wang9Yinghua Ma10Yinghua Ma11Yi Song12Yi Song13Jun Ma14Jun Ma15Patrick W. C. Lau16Patrick W. C. Lau17School of Public Health, Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Peking University, Beijing, ChinaNational Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing, ChinaSchool of Public Health, Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Peking University, Beijing, ChinaNational Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing, ChinaSchool of Public Health, Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Peking University, Beijing, ChinaNational Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing, ChinaSchool of Public Health, Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Peking University, Beijing, ChinaNational Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing, ChinaSchool of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, ChinaDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, ChinaSchool of Public Health, Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Peking University, Beijing, ChinaNational Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing, ChinaSchool of Public Health, Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Peking University, Beijing, ChinaNational Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing, ChinaSchool of Public Health, Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Peking University, Beijing, ChinaNational Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, ChinaLaboratory of Exercise Science and Health, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai, ChinaIntroduction: Few studies have examined the association between the individual-, family-, and school-level ecological correlates and physical fitness among Chinese children and adolescents, which is the purpose of the present study.Methods: A total of 157,168 children and adolescents, 10-18 years of age, with physical fitness data in 2014, participated in the study. Physical fitness was assessed, using six tests: forced vital capacity, standing long jump, sit and reach, body muscle strength, 50-m dash, and endurance running. Scores were aggregated to form a summary physical fitness indicator (PFI), which was then classified into five levels: low, low-middle, middle, middle-high, and high. Each option of individual-, family-, and school-level measures were constructed into a positive or negative correlate of physical fitness and then accumulated as a composite ecological score.Results: Among the 20 individual-, family-, and school-level correlates, 18 were found to be significantly associated with PFI, with high PFI levels being correlated with the positive group of correlates and low PFI levels correlated with the negative group of correlates (p < 0.05). High scores of ecological correlates were associated with a high level of PFI [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.07)] whereas low scores were associated with a low level of PFI (OR = 0.95, 95% CI:0.95, 0.95). The ecological correlates at the individual, school- and family-levels were shown to be significantly related to high PFI among Chinese children and adolescents aged 10-18 years with different ORs of 5.97 (95% CI: 5.51, 6.47), 3.94 (3.66, 4.24), and 1.25 (1.19, 1.31). The PAR% of 20 cumulative factors effects due to the negative and positive responses for low PFI levels were 35.9 and 16.1%, and, for high PFI levels, were 15.3 and 24.1%, among Chinese children and adolescents, respectively. Compared with the correlates at family and school levels, the correlates at individual levels had the largest PAR%.Conclusion: Individual-, family-, and school-multilevel factors had a significant cumulative association with either improving or worsening aspects of physical fitness. Individual level factors remain at the core of physical fitness improvement. Comprehensive policies and measures are urgently needed to enhance the physical fitness of Chinese children and adolescents through involving further individual and environmental factors.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2021.684286/fullphysical fitnessecological correlateschildren and adolescentscross-sectional surveyChina |
| spellingShingle | Yanhui Dong Yanhui Dong Manman Chen Manman Chen Li Chen Li Chen Bo Wen Bo Wen Yide Yang Zhenghe Wang Yinghua Ma Yinghua Ma Yi Song Yi Song Jun Ma Jun Ma Patrick W. C. Lau Patrick W. C. Lau Individual-, Family-, and School-Level Ecological Correlates With Physical Fitness Among Chinese School-Aged Children and Adolescents: A National Cross-Sectional Survey in 2014 Frontiers in Nutrition physical fitness ecological correlates children and adolescents cross-sectional survey China |
| title | Individual-, Family-, and School-Level Ecological Correlates With Physical Fitness Among Chinese School-Aged Children and Adolescents: A National Cross-Sectional Survey in 2014 |
| title_full | Individual-, Family-, and School-Level Ecological Correlates With Physical Fitness Among Chinese School-Aged Children and Adolescents: A National Cross-Sectional Survey in 2014 |
| title_fullStr | Individual-, Family-, and School-Level Ecological Correlates With Physical Fitness Among Chinese School-Aged Children and Adolescents: A National Cross-Sectional Survey in 2014 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Individual-, Family-, and School-Level Ecological Correlates With Physical Fitness Among Chinese School-Aged Children and Adolescents: A National Cross-Sectional Survey in 2014 |
| title_short | Individual-, Family-, and School-Level Ecological Correlates With Physical Fitness Among Chinese School-Aged Children and Adolescents: A National Cross-Sectional Survey in 2014 |
| title_sort | individual family and school level ecological correlates with physical fitness among chinese school aged children and adolescents a national cross sectional survey in 2014 |
| topic | physical fitness ecological correlates children and adolescents cross-sectional survey China |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2021.684286/full |
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