Milk Intake in Early Life and Later Cancer Risk: A Meta-Analysis
Dairy consumption in adulthood has been demonstrated to influence cancer risk. Although childhood and adolescence represent critical periods of rapid growth, the relationship between milk intake in early life and later cancer risk is unclear. Thus, we examined this relationship by conducting a meta-...
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MDPI AG
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/6/1233 |
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| author | Hyeonmin Gil Qiao-Yi Chen Jaewon Khil Jihyun Park Gyumi Na Donghoon Lee Nana Keum |
| author_facet | Hyeonmin Gil Qiao-Yi Chen Jaewon Khil Jihyun Park Gyumi Na Donghoon Lee Nana Keum |
| author_sort | Hyeonmin Gil |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Dairy consumption in adulthood has been demonstrated to influence cancer risk. Although childhood and adolescence represent critical periods of rapid growth, the relationship between milk intake in early life and later cancer risk is unclear. Thus, we examined this relationship by conducting a meta-analysis of the observational studies. PubMed and Embase were searched for relevant articles that were published throughout December 2021. The summary relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated using the DerSimonian-Laird random-effects model. The summary RR for the highest vs. lowest milk intake was 0.83 (95% CI = 0.69–1.00; <i>p</i> = 0.05; I<sup>2</sup> = 60%; seven studies) for breast cancer, 0.98 (95% CI = 0.72–1.32; <i>p</i> = 0.88; I<sup>2</sup> = 51%; four studies) for prostate cancer, and 0.90 (95% CI = 0.42–1.93; <i>p</i> = 0.78; I<sup>2</sup> = 83%; three studies) for colorectal cancer. No evidence of an association emerged in subgroup analyses of menopausal status, cancer stage, fat content of milk, life stage of milk intake, or study design. Consistent results were observed in the meta-analyses using total dairy intake. In conclusion, milk intake during childhood and adolescence might not be associated with risks of breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer later in life. Given the small number of studies that were included in our meta-analysis, and the high heterogeneity, more studies are warranted for a definitive conclusion. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:04:39Z |
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| id | doaj.art-4e45c20ddf864ec2908c4f76bc61409b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:04:39Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-4e45c20ddf864ec2908c4f76bc61409b2023-11-30T21:49:55ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432022-03-01146123310.3390/nu14061233Milk Intake in Early Life and Later Cancer Risk: A Meta-AnalysisHyeonmin Gil0Qiao-Yi Chen1Jaewon Khil2Jihyun Park3Gyumi Na4Donghoon Lee5Nana Keum6Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, KoreaDepartment of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, KoreaDepartment of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, KoreaDepartment of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, KoreaDepartment of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, KoreaDepartment of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Building 2, 3rd Floor, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02138, USADepartment of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, KoreaDairy consumption in adulthood has been demonstrated to influence cancer risk. Although childhood and adolescence represent critical periods of rapid growth, the relationship between milk intake in early life and later cancer risk is unclear. Thus, we examined this relationship by conducting a meta-analysis of the observational studies. PubMed and Embase were searched for relevant articles that were published throughout December 2021. The summary relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated using the DerSimonian-Laird random-effects model. The summary RR for the highest vs. lowest milk intake was 0.83 (95% CI = 0.69–1.00; <i>p</i> = 0.05; I<sup>2</sup> = 60%; seven studies) for breast cancer, 0.98 (95% CI = 0.72–1.32; <i>p</i> = 0.88; I<sup>2</sup> = 51%; four studies) for prostate cancer, and 0.90 (95% CI = 0.42–1.93; <i>p</i> = 0.78; I<sup>2</sup> = 83%; three studies) for colorectal cancer. No evidence of an association emerged in subgroup analyses of menopausal status, cancer stage, fat content of milk, life stage of milk intake, or study design. Consistent results were observed in the meta-analyses using total dairy intake. In conclusion, milk intake during childhood and adolescence might not be associated with risks of breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer later in life. Given the small number of studies that were included in our meta-analysis, and the high heterogeneity, more studies are warranted for a definitive conclusion.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/6/1233childhoodadolescencemilk intakebreast cancerprostate cancercolorectal cancer |
| spellingShingle | Hyeonmin Gil Qiao-Yi Chen Jaewon Khil Jihyun Park Gyumi Na Donghoon Lee Nana Keum Milk Intake in Early Life and Later Cancer Risk: A Meta-Analysis Nutrients childhood adolescence milk intake breast cancer prostate cancer colorectal cancer |
| title | Milk Intake in Early Life and Later Cancer Risk: A Meta-Analysis |
| title_full | Milk Intake in Early Life and Later Cancer Risk: A Meta-Analysis |
| title_fullStr | Milk Intake in Early Life and Later Cancer Risk: A Meta-Analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Milk Intake in Early Life and Later Cancer Risk: A Meta-Analysis |
| title_short | Milk Intake in Early Life and Later Cancer Risk: A Meta-Analysis |
| title_sort | milk intake in early life and later cancer risk a meta analysis |
| topic | childhood adolescence milk intake breast cancer prostate cancer colorectal cancer |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/6/1233 |
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