Non-Isothermal Crystallization Kinetics and Activation Energy for Crystal Growth of Polyamide 66/Short Glass Fiber/Carbon Black Composites
This study presents the effect of the addition of 0.4 wt.% carbon black (CB) to polyamide 66 (PA66) containing 30 wt.% short glass fibers (GFs) on the behavior of composite thermal crystallization. Composites were studied by differential scanning calorimetry analysis (DSC) at different cooling rates...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-11-01
|
| Series: | Materials |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/22/7073 |
| _version_ | 1797458570707468288 |
|---|---|
| author | Yasser Boucenna Abdelheq Layachi Abdelhakim Cherfia Fouad Laoutid Hamid Satha |
| author_facet | Yasser Boucenna Abdelheq Layachi Abdelhakim Cherfia Fouad Laoutid Hamid Satha |
| author_sort | Yasser Boucenna |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study presents the effect of the addition of 0.4 wt.% carbon black (CB) to polyamide 66 (PA66) containing 30 wt.% short glass fibers (GFs) on the behavior of composite thermal crystallization. Composites were studied by differential scanning calorimetry analysis (DSC) at different cooling rates using wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This thermal crystallization study highlights the nucleation effect of GFs that promote PA66 crystallization by significantly increasing crystallization kinetics and rates. The activation energies (Eas) calculated by model-free (FWO; KAS) and model-fitting (Kissinger method and C–R method) approaches showed that the combination of both GF and CB decreases the activation energy with respect to neat PA66, meaning that the presence of both additives facilitates crystallization. The Coats–Redfern and Criado methods showed that the crystallization of neat PA66 and related composites follows the second-order reaction, i.e., the decelerated reaction, evidencing compatibility between GFs and the matrix. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:39:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4e4835ce669d4451944a5443d9a414c0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:39:02Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-4e4835ce669d4451944a5443d9a414c02023-11-24T14:53:19ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442023-11-011622707310.3390/ma16227073Non-Isothermal Crystallization Kinetics and Activation Energy for Crystal Growth of Polyamide 66/Short Glass Fiber/Carbon Black CompositesYasser Boucenna0Abdelheq Layachi1Abdelhakim Cherfia2Fouad Laoutid3Hamid Satha4Mechanics Laboratory, Frères Mentouri University Constantine 1, Constantine 25000, AlgeriaInstitut des Sciences et des Techniques Appliquées (ISTA), Frères Mentouri University Constantine 1, Constantine 25000, AlgeriaMechanics Laboratory, Frères Mentouri University Constantine 1, Constantine 25000, AlgeriaLaboratory of Polymeric & Composite Materials, Materia Nova Research Center, 3 Avenue Nicolas Copernic, B-7000 Mons, BelgiumLaboratory of Silicates, Polymers and Nanocomposites, University 8 Mai 1945, Guelma 24000, AlgeriaThis study presents the effect of the addition of 0.4 wt.% carbon black (CB) to polyamide 66 (PA66) containing 30 wt.% short glass fibers (GFs) on the behavior of composite thermal crystallization. Composites were studied by differential scanning calorimetry analysis (DSC) at different cooling rates using wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This thermal crystallization study highlights the nucleation effect of GFs that promote PA66 crystallization by significantly increasing crystallization kinetics and rates. The activation energies (Eas) calculated by model-free (FWO; KAS) and model-fitting (Kissinger method and C–R method) approaches showed that the combination of both GF and CB decreases the activation energy with respect to neat PA66, meaning that the presence of both additives facilitates crystallization. The Coats–Redfern and Criado methods showed that the crystallization of neat PA66 and related composites follows the second-order reaction, i.e., the decelerated reaction, evidencing compatibility between GFs and the matrix.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/22/7073PA66glass fibercarbon blackDSCcrystallizationactivation energies |
| spellingShingle | Yasser Boucenna Abdelheq Layachi Abdelhakim Cherfia Fouad Laoutid Hamid Satha Non-Isothermal Crystallization Kinetics and Activation Energy for Crystal Growth of Polyamide 66/Short Glass Fiber/Carbon Black Composites Materials PA66 glass fiber carbon black DSC crystallization activation energies |
| title | Non-Isothermal Crystallization Kinetics and Activation Energy for Crystal Growth of Polyamide 66/Short Glass Fiber/Carbon Black Composites |
| title_full | Non-Isothermal Crystallization Kinetics and Activation Energy for Crystal Growth of Polyamide 66/Short Glass Fiber/Carbon Black Composites |
| title_fullStr | Non-Isothermal Crystallization Kinetics and Activation Energy for Crystal Growth of Polyamide 66/Short Glass Fiber/Carbon Black Composites |
| title_full_unstemmed | Non-Isothermal Crystallization Kinetics and Activation Energy for Crystal Growth of Polyamide 66/Short Glass Fiber/Carbon Black Composites |
| title_short | Non-Isothermal Crystallization Kinetics and Activation Energy for Crystal Growth of Polyamide 66/Short Glass Fiber/Carbon Black Composites |
| title_sort | non isothermal crystallization kinetics and activation energy for crystal growth of polyamide 66 short glass fiber carbon black composites |
| topic | PA66 glass fiber carbon black DSC crystallization activation energies |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/22/7073 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yasserboucenna nonisothermalcrystallizationkineticsandactivationenergyforcrystalgrowthofpolyamide66shortglassfibercarbonblackcomposites AT abdelheqlayachi nonisothermalcrystallizationkineticsandactivationenergyforcrystalgrowthofpolyamide66shortglassfibercarbonblackcomposites AT abdelhakimcherfia nonisothermalcrystallizationkineticsandactivationenergyforcrystalgrowthofpolyamide66shortglassfibercarbonblackcomposites AT fouadlaoutid nonisothermalcrystallizationkineticsandactivationenergyforcrystalgrowthofpolyamide66shortglassfibercarbonblackcomposites AT hamidsatha nonisothermalcrystallizationkineticsandactivationenergyforcrystalgrowthofpolyamide66shortglassfibercarbonblackcomposites |