Identification of Reliable Reference Genes for the Expression of <i>Hydrangea macrophylla</i> ‘Bailmer’ and ‘Duro’ Sepal Color
<i>Hydrangea</i> spp. is renowned for its variety of color changes in its developmental stage and before and after aluminum treatment. We analyzed gene expression in hydrangeas sepals to study the causes of color change. The accuracy of quantitative RT-qPCR analysis depends on the reliab...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Horticulturae |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/8/9/835 |
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| author | Gaitian Zhang Suxia Yuan Hui Qi Zhiyun Chu Chun Liu |
| author_facet | Gaitian Zhang Suxia Yuan Hui Qi Zhiyun Chu Chun Liu |
| author_sort | Gaitian Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Hydrangea</i> spp. is renowned for its variety of color changes in its developmental stage and before and after aluminum treatment. We analyzed gene expression in hydrangeas sepals to study the causes of color change. The accuracy of quantitative RT-qPCR analysis depends on the reliability of reference genes. We selected reference genes for <i>hydrangea</i> of varying cultivars, at different developmental stages, and in aluminum treatment groups. We chose ‘Bailmer’ and ‘Duro’ as subject species. We selected eight candidate genes, all of which were ranked by geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and RefFinder. <i>CCR, NHX1</i>, and <i>LODX</i> were used to verify the exactitude of reference genes. According to the ranking result of RefFinder, the top-ranked reference genes in each group were different; the top four candidate reference genes in each group mostly included <i>EF1-β</i>, <i>RPL34</i>, <i>GADPH</i>, and <i>RPL10</i>. <i>EF1-β</i> and <i>RPL34</i> ranked top in the ‘all materials’ group, and their expression trends, obtained from the analysis of <i>CCR</i>, <i>NHX1</i>, and <i>LODX</i>, were consistent. From the results, we gather that <i>EF1-β</i> and <i>RPL34</i> can be used as reference genes to quantify target gene expression. In this study, we screened for reference genes in hydrangeas to provide a technical basis for hydrangea sepal formation and transformation for further experiments. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:50:32Z |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:50:32Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
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| series | Horticulturae |
| spelling | doaj.art-4e4a86322a54441f9298bb82d9d4d87f2023-11-23T16:34:25ZengMDPI AGHorticulturae2311-75242022-09-018983510.3390/horticulturae8090835Identification of Reliable Reference Genes for the Expression of <i>Hydrangea macrophylla</i> ‘Bailmer’ and ‘Duro’ Sepal ColorGaitian Zhang0Suxia Yuan1Hui Qi2Zhiyun Chu3Chun Liu4Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, ChinaInstitute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, ChinaInstitute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, ChinaInstitute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, ChinaInstitute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China<i>Hydrangea</i> spp. is renowned for its variety of color changes in its developmental stage and before and after aluminum treatment. We analyzed gene expression in hydrangeas sepals to study the causes of color change. The accuracy of quantitative RT-qPCR analysis depends on the reliability of reference genes. We selected reference genes for <i>hydrangea</i> of varying cultivars, at different developmental stages, and in aluminum treatment groups. We chose ‘Bailmer’ and ‘Duro’ as subject species. We selected eight candidate genes, all of which were ranked by geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and RefFinder. <i>CCR, NHX1</i>, and <i>LODX</i> were used to verify the exactitude of reference genes. According to the ranking result of RefFinder, the top-ranked reference genes in each group were different; the top four candidate reference genes in each group mostly included <i>EF1-β</i>, <i>RPL34</i>, <i>GADPH</i>, and <i>RPL10</i>. <i>EF1-β</i> and <i>RPL34</i> ranked top in the ‘all materials’ group, and their expression trends, obtained from the analysis of <i>CCR</i>, <i>NHX1</i>, and <i>LODX</i>, were consistent. From the results, we gather that <i>EF1-β</i> and <i>RPL34</i> can be used as reference genes to quantify target gene expression. In this study, we screened for reference genes in hydrangeas to provide a technical basis for hydrangea sepal formation and transformation for further experiments.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/8/9/835sepalsflower color changereference gene |
| spellingShingle | Gaitian Zhang Suxia Yuan Hui Qi Zhiyun Chu Chun Liu Identification of Reliable Reference Genes for the Expression of <i>Hydrangea macrophylla</i> ‘Bailmer’ and ‘Duro’ Sepal Color Horticulturae sepals flower color change reference gene |
| title | Identification of Reliable Reference Genes for the Expression of <i>Hydrangea macrophylla</i> ‘Bailmer’ and ‘Duro’ Sepal Color |
| title_full | Identification of Reliable Reference Genes for the Expression of <i>Hydrangea macrophylla</i> ‘Bailmer’ and ‘Duro’ Sepal Color |
| title_fullStr | Identification of Reliable Reference Genes for the Expression of <i>Hydrangea macrophylla</i> ‘Bailmer’ and ‘Duro’ Sepal Color |
| title_full_unstemmed | Identification of Reliable Reference Genes for the Expression of <i>Hydrangea macrophylla</i> ‘Bailmer’ and ‘Duro’ Sepal Color |
| title_short | Identification of Reliable Reference Genes for the Expression of <i>Hydrangea macrophylla</i> ‘Bailmer’ and ‘Duro’ Sepal Color |
| title_sort | identification of reliable reference genes for the expression of i hydrangea macrophylla i bailmer and duro sepal color |
| topic | sepals flower color change reference gene |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/8/9/835 |
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