Aggressiveness and Patulin Production in <i>Penicillium expansum</i> Multidrug Resistant Strains with Different Expression Levels of MFS and ABC Transporters, in the Presence or Absence of Fludioxonil
<i>Penicillium expansum</i> is the most common postharvest pathogen of apple fruit, causing blue mold disease. Due to the extensive use of fungicides, strains resistant to multiple chemical classes have been selected. A previous study by our group proposed that the overexpression of MFS...
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/6/1398 |
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| author | Panagiota Ntasiou Anastasios Samaras Emmanouil-Nikolaos Papadakis Urania Menkissoglu-Spiroudi George S. Karaoglanidis |
| author_facet | Panagiota Ntasiou Anastasios Samaras Emmanouil-Nikolaos Papadakis Urania Menkissoglu-Spiroudi George S. Karaoglanidis |
| author_sort | Panagiota Ntasiou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Penicillium expansum</i> is the most common postharvest pathogen of apple fruit, causing blue mold disease. Due to the extensive use of fungicides, strains resistant to multiple chemical classes have been selected. A previous study by our group proposed that the overexpression of MFS (major facilitator superfamily) and ABC (ATP binding cassette) transporters constitute an alternative resistance mechanism in Multi Drug resistant (MDR) strains of this pathogen. This study was initiated to determine two main biological fitness parameters of MDR strains: aggressiveness against apple fruit and patulin production. In addition, the expression pattern of efflux transporters and hydroxylase-encoding genes that belong to the patulin biosynthesis pathway, in the presence or absence of fludioxonil and under in vitro and in vivo conditions were investigated. Results showed that the MDR strains produced higher concentrations of patulin but showed a lower pathogenicity compared to the wild-type isolates. Moreover, expression analysis of <i>patC</i>, <i>patM</i> and <i>patH</i> genes indicated that the higher expression levels do not correlate with the detected patulin concentration. The selection of MDR strains in <i>P. expansum</i> populations and the fact that they produce more patulin, constitutes a serious concern not only for successful disease control but also for human health. The above-mentioned data represent the first report of MDR in <i>P. expansum</i> associated with its patulin-production ability and the expression level of patulin biosynthesis pathway genes. |
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| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:00:07Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
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| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-4e5dc4f88c994ded820b2d30239b40062023-11-17T13:23:23ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472023-03-01126139810.3390/plants12061398Aggressiveness and Patulin Production in <i>Penicillium expansum</i> Multidrug Resistant Strains with Different Expression Levels of MFS and ABC Transporters, in the Presence or Absence of FludioxonilPanagiota Ntasiou0Anastasios Samaras1Emmanouil-Nikolaos Papadakis2Urania Menkissoglu-Spiroudi3George S. Karaoglanidis4Laboratory of Plant Pathology, School of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, GreeceLaboratory of Plant Pathology, School of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, GreecePesticide Science Laboratory, School of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, GreecePesticide Science Laboratory, School of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, GreeceLaboratory of Plant Pathology, School of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece<i>Penicillium expansum</i> is the most common postharvest pathogen of apple fruit, causing blue mold disease. Due to the extensive use of fungicides, strains resistant to multiple chemical classes have been selected. A previous study by our group proposed that the overexpression of MFS (major facilitator superfamily) and ABC (ATP binding cassette) transporters constitute an alternative resistance mechanism in Multi Drug resistant (MDR) strains of this pathogen. This study was initiated to determine two main biological fitness parameters of MDR strains: aggressiveness against apple fruit and patulin production. In addition, the expression pattern of efflux transporters and hydroxylase-encoding genes that belong to the patulin biosynthesis pathway, in the presence or absence of fludioxonil and under in vitro and in vivo conditions were investigated. Results showed that the MDR strains produced higher concentrations of patulin but showed a lower pathogenicity compared to the wild-type isolates. Moreover, expression analysis of <i>patC</i>, <i>patM</i> and <i>patH</i> genes indicated that the higher expression levels do not correlate with the detected patulin concentration. The selection of MDR strains in <i>P. expansum</i> populations and the fact that they produce more patulin, constitutes a serious concern not only for successful disease control but also for human health. The above-mentioned data represent the first report of MDR in <i>P. expansum</i> associated with its patulin-production ability and the expression level of patulin biosynthesis pathway genes.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/6/1398blue mold diseasepatulin analysisMFS-transportersABC-transportersapple fruitfludioxonil |
| spellingShingle | Panagiota Ntasiou Anastasios Samaras Emmanouil-Nikolaos Papadakis Urania Menkissoglu-Spiroudi George S. Karaoglanidis Aggressiveness and Patulin Production in <i>Penicillium expansum</i> Multidrug Resistant Strains with Different Expression Levels of MFS and ABC Transporters, in the Presence or Absence of Fludioxonil Plants blue mold disease patulin analysis MFS-transporters ABC-transporters apple fruit fludioxonil |
| title | Aggressiveness and Patulin Production in <i>Penicillium expansum</i> Multidrug Resistant Strains with Different Expression Levels of MFS and ABC Transporters, in the Presence or Absence of Fludioxonil |
| title_full | Aggressiveness and Patulin Production in <i>Penicillium expansum</i> Multidrug Resistant Strains with Different Expression Levels of MFS and ABC Transporters, in the Presence or Absence of Fludioxonil |
| title_fullStr | Aggressiveness and Patulin Production in <i>Penicillium expansum</i> Multidrug Resistant Strains with Different Expression Levels of MFS and ABC Transporters, in the Presence or Absence of Fludioxonil |
| title_full_unstemmed | Aggressiveness and Patulin Production in <i>Penicillium expansum</i> Multidrug Resistant Strains with Different Expression Levels of MFS and ABC Transporters, in the Presence or Absence of Fludioxonil |
| title_short | Aggressiveness and Patulin Production in <i>Penicillium expansum</i> Multidrug Resistant Strains with Different Expression Levels of MFS and ABC Transporters, in the Presence or Absence of Fludioxonil |
| title_sort | aggressiveness and patulin production in i penicillium expansum i multidrug resistant strains with different expression levels of mfs and abc transporters in the presence or absence of fludioxonil |
| topic | blue mold disease patulin analysis MFS-transporters ABC-transporters apple fruit fludioxonil |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/6/1398 |
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