Aerosol Impacts on Water Relations of Camphor (Cinnamomum camphora)
Major parts of anthropogenic and natural aerosols are hygroscopic and deliquesce at high humidity, particularly when depositing to leaf surfaces close to transpiring stomata. Deliquescence and subsequent salt creep may establish thin, extraordinary pathways into the stomata, which foster stomatal up...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Plant Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2022.892096/full |
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| author | Chia-Ju Ellen Chi Daniel Zinsmeister I-Ling Lai Shih-Chieh Chang Yau-Lun Kuo Jürgen Burkhardt |
| author_facet | Chia-Ju Ellen Chi Daniel Zinsmeister I-Ling Lai Shih-Chieh Chang Yau-Lun Kuo Jürgen Burkhardt |
| author_sort | Chia-Ju Ellen Chi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Major parts of anthropogenic and natural aerosols are hygroscopic and deliquesce at high humidity, particularly when depositing to leaf surfaces close to transpiring stomata. Deliquescence and subsequent salt creep may establish thin, extraordinary pathways into the stomata, which foster stomatal uptake of nutrients and water but may also cause stomatal liquid water loss by wicking. Such additional water loss is not accompanied by a wider stomatal aperture with a larger CO2 influx and hypothetically reduces water use efficiency (WUE). Here, the possible direct impacts of aerosols on physical and physiological parameters of camphor (Cinnamomum camphora) were studied (i) in a greenhouse experiment using aerosol exclusion and (ii) in a field study in Taiwan, comparing trees at two sites with different aerosol regimes. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed that leaves grown under aerosol exclusion in filtered air (FA) were lacking the amorphous, flat areas that were abundant on leaves grown in ambient air (AA), suggesting salt crusts formed from deliquescent aerosols. Increasing vapor pressure deficit (VPD) resulted in half the Ball-Berry slope and double WUE for AA compared to FA leaves. This apparent contradiction to the wicking hypothesis may be due to the independent, overcompensating effect of stomatal closure in response to VPD, which affects AA more than FA stomata. Compared to leaves in a more polluted region in the Taiwanese Southwest, NaCl aerosols dominated the leaf surface conditions on mature camphor trees in Eastern Taiwan, while the considerably lower contact angles and the 2.5 times higher minimum epidermal conductances might have come from organic surfactants. Interpretations of SEM images from leaf surface microstructures should consider amorphous areas as possible indicators of aerosol deposition and other hygroscopic material. The amount and type of the material determine the resulting impacts on plant water relations, together with the surrounding atmosphere and ecophysiological traits. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T13:31:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4e5ee4d0615a41a3b9286c0b89f33c0d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-462X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T13:31:54Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Plant Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-4e5ee4d0615a41a3b9286c0b89f33c0d2022-12-22T03:31:08ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2022-06-011310.3389/fpls.2022.892096892096Aerosol Impacts on Water Relations of Camphor (Cinnamomum camphora)Chia-Ju Ellen Chi0Daniel Zinsmeister1I-Ling Lai2Shih-Chieh Chang3Yau-Lun Kuo4Jürgen Burkhardt5Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Bonn, GermanyInstitute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Bonn, GermanyGraduate Institute of Bioresources, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, TaiwanDepartment of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Ecology and Sustainability, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, TaiwanDepartment of Forestry, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, TaiwanInstitute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Bonn, GermanyMajor parts of anthropogenic and natural aerosols are hygroscopic and deliquesce at high humidity, particularly when depositing to leaf surfaces close to transpiring stomata. Deliquescence and subsequent salt creep may establish thin, extraordinary pathways into the stomata, which foster stomatal uptake of nutrients and water but may also cause stomatal liquid water loss by wicking. Such additional water loss is not accompanied by a wider stomatal aperture with a larger CO2 influx and hypothetically reduces water use efficiency (WUE). Here, the possible direct impacts of aerosols on physical and physiological parameters of camphor (Cinnamomum camphora) were studied (i) in a greenhouse experiment using aerosol exclusion and (ii) in a field study in Taiwan, comparing trees at two sites with different aerosol regimes. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed that leaves grown under aerosol exclusion in filtered air (FA) were lacking the amorphous, flat areas that were abundant on leaves grown in ambient air (AA), suggesting salt crusts formed from deliquescent aerosols. Increasing vapor pressure deficit (VPD) resulted in half the Ball-Berry slope and double WUE for AA compared to FA leaves. This apparent contradiction to the wicking hypothesis may be due to the independent, overcompensating effect of stomatal closure in response to VPD, which affects AA more than FA stomata. Compared to leaves in a more polluted region in the Taiwanese Southwest, NaCl aerosols dominated the leaf surface conditions on mature camphor trees in Eastern Taiwan, while the considerably lower contact angles and the 2.5 times higher minimum epidermal conductances might have come from organic surfactants. Interpretations of SEM images from leaf surface microstructures should consider amorphous areas as possible indicators of aerosol deposition and other hygroscopic material. The amount and type of the material determine the resulting impacts on plant water relations, together with the surrounding atmosphere and ecophysiological traits.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2022.892096/fullstomatal conductancevapor pressure deficitwater use efficiencyaerosolBall-Berry modelturgor loss point |
| spellingShingle | Chia-Ju Ellen Chi Daniel Zinsmeister I-Ling Lai Shih-Chieh Chang Yau-Lun Kuo Jürgen Burkhardt Aerosol Impacts on Water Relations of Camphor (Cinnamomum camphora) Frontiers in Plant Science stomatal conductance vapor pressure deficit water use efficiency aerosol Ball-Berry model turgor loss point |
| title | Aerosol Impacts on Water Relations of Camphor (Cinnamomum camphora) |
| title_full | Aerosol Impacts on Water Relations of Camphor (Cinnamomum camphora) |
| title_fullStr | Aerosol Impacts on Water Relations of Camphor (Cinnamomum camphora) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Aerosol Impacts on Water Relations of Camphor (Cinnamomum camphora) |
| title_short | Aerosol Impacts on Water Relations of Camphor (Cinnamomum camphora) |
| title_sort | aerosol impacts on water relations of camphor cinnamomum camphora |
| topic | stomatal conductance vapor pressure deficit water use efficiency aerosol Ball-Berry model turgor loss point |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2022.892096/full |
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