Extraction and Characterization of Nanocellulose from Wheat Straw: Facile Approach
The environmental concern occurs due to the extreme use of synthetic materials that have been fortified to develop innovative, multifunctional, and sustainable materials using copious lignocellulosic biomass. In this present study, work was done on the extraction of nanocellulose from wheat straw, a...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Iranian Environmental Mutagen Society
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Journal of Water and Environmental Nanotechnology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.jwent.net/article_254982_42bf4fbfa2c5ba83f962375372de016a.pdf |
| _version_ | 1797836675621060608 |
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| author | Savita Sihag Sheetal . Jitender Pal Monika Yadav |
| author_facet | Savita Sihag Sheetal . Jitender Pal Monika Yadav |
| author_sort | Savita Sihag |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The environmental concern occurs due to the extreme use of synthetic materials that have been fortified to develop innovative, multifunctional, and sustainable materials using copious lignocellulosic biomass. In this present study, work was done on the extraction of nanocellulose from wheat straw, and found that wheat straw is an admirable source of cellulose. Chemical processes were used to isolate the cellulose and remove unwanted lignin and hemicellulose from wheat straw followed by sonication, cryo-crushing, and magnetic stirring to achieve nanocellulose. The observed amount of cellulose (36.1%), hemicellulose (30.3%), lignin (17%), and ash content (9.2%) of raw wheat straw. Structural, morphological, and thermal characterization were estimated from FTIR, XRD, FESEM, TEM, DSC, TGA, and AFM for the identification and characterization of extracted cellulose from wheat straw. FTIR showed that the peaks at wavelength 1430.50 cm-1 and 1638.41 cm-1 both show that cellulose is present in the extracted nanocellulose. Extracted nanocellulose was crystalline and had a 68.96% Crystallinity Index. Morphological analysis, FESEM showed that the untreated wheat straw has an irregular porous structure but the extracted nanocellulose has a regular shape having straight fibers connected. TEM analysis showed that the extracted nanocellulose has a spherical shape structure connected, showing the regular shape, the obtained spherical shape regulates the nanocellulose for further applications. Thermal degradation was observed using TGA which shows that the nanocellulose decomposition was observed around 3600C. AFM determination shows a bell-shaped structure on a smooth surface with a particle height of 3.2 nm and the mean roughness of 110.4 nm was obtained from the extracted nanocellulose. Extracted nanocellulose has a particle size of 58.77 nm. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T15:13:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4e61d0f47cfb4f71b4bccfa8e83d56ca |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2476-7204 2476-6615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T15:13:49Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | Iranian Environmental Mutagen Society |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Water and Environmental Nanotechnology |
| spelling | doaj.art-4e61d0f47cfb4f71b4bccfa8e83d56ca2023-04-30T07:04:20ZengIranian Environmental Mutagen SocietyJournal of Water and Environmental Nanotechnology2476-72042476-66152022-08-017331733110.22090/jwent.2022.03.007254982Extraction and Characterization of Nanocellulose from Wheat Straw: Facile ApproachSavita Sihag0Sheetal .1Jitender Pal2Monika Yadav3Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar (Haryana), IndiaDepartment of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar (Haryana), IndiaDepartment of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar (Haryana), IndiaDepartment of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar (Haryana), IndiaThe environmental concern occurs due to the extreme use of synthetic materials that have been fortified to develop innovative, multifunctional, and sustainable materials using copious lignocellulosic biomass. In this present study, work was done on the extraction of nanocellulose from wheat straw, and found that wheat straw is an admirable source of cellulose. Chemical processes were used to isolate the cellulose and remove unwanted lignin and hemicellulose from wheat straw followed by sonication, cryo-crushing, and magnetic stirring to achieve nanocellulose. The observed amount of cellulose (36.1%), hemicellulose (30.3%), lignin (17%), and ash content (9.2%) of raw wheat straw. Structural, morphological, and thermal characterization were estimated from FTIR, XRD, FESEM, TEM, DSC, TGA, and AFM for the identification and characterization of extracted cellulose from wheat straw. FTIR showed that the peaks at wavelength 1430.50 cm-1 and 1638.41 cm-1 both show that cellulose is present in the extracted nanocellulose. Extracted nanocellulose was crystalline and had a 68.96% Crystallinity Index. Morphological analysis, FESEM showed that the untreated wheat straw has an irregular porous structure but the extracted nanocellulose has a regular shape having straight fibers connected. TEM analysis showed that the extracted nanocellulose has a spherical shape structure connected, showing the regular shape, the obtained spherical shape regulates the nanocellulose for further applications. Thermal degradation was observed using TGA which shows that the nanocellulose decomposition was observed around 3600C. AFM determination shows a bell-shaped structure on a smooth surface with a particle height of 3.2 nm and the mean roughness of 110.4 nm was obtained from the extracted nanocellulose. Extracted nanocellulose has a particle size of 58.77 nm.http://www.jwent.net/article_254982_42bf4fbfa2c5ba83f962375372de016a.pdfwheat strawacid hydrolysiscryocrushingthermal analysisnanocellulose |
| spellingShingle | Savita Sihag Sheetal . Jitender Pal Monika Yadav Extraction and Characterization of Nanocellulose from Wheat Straw: Facile Approach Journal of Water and Environmental Nanotechnology wheat straw acid hydrolysis cryocrushing thermal analysis nanocellulose |
| title | Extraction and Characterization of Nanocellulose from Wheat Straw: Facile Approach |
| title_full | Extraction and Characterization of Nanocellulose from Wheat Straw: Facile Approach |
| title_fullStr | Extraction and Characterization of Nanocellulose from Wheat Straw: Facile Approach |
| title_full_unstemmed | Extraction and Characterization of Nanocellulose from Wheat Straw: Facile Approach |
| title_short | Extraction and Characterization of Nanocellulose from Wheat Straw: Facile Approach |
| title_sort | extraction and characterization of nanocellulose from wheat straw facile approach |
| topic | wheat straw acid hydrolysis cryocrushing thermal analysis nanocellulose |
| url | http://www.jwent.net/article_254982_42bf4fbfa2c5ba83f962375372de016a.pdf |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT savitasihag extractionandcharacterizationofnanocellulosefromwheatstrawfacileapproach AT sheetal extractionandcharacterizationofnanocellulosefromwheatstrawfacileapproach AT jitenderpal extractionandcharacterizationofnanocellulosefromwheatstrawfacileapproach AT monikayadav extractionandcharacterizationofnanocellulosefromwheatstrawfacileapproach |