Comparative Analysis of HRTFs Measurement Using In-Ear Microphones
The head-related transfer functions (HRTFs) describe the acoustic path transfer functions between sound sources in the free-field and the listener’s ear canal. They enable the evaluation of the sound perception of a human being and the creation of immersive virtual acoustic environments that can be...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/13/6016 |
| _version_ | 1797590779790622720 |
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| author | Valeria Bruschi Alessandro Terenzi Nefeli A. Dourou Susanna Spinsante Stefania Cecchi |
| author_facet | Valeria Bruschi Alessandro Terenzi Nefeli A. Dourou Susanna Spinsante Stefania Cecchi |
| author_sort | Valeria Bruschi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The head-related transfer functions (HRTFs) describe the acoustic path transfer functions between sound sources in the free-field and the listener’s ear canal. They enable the evaluation of the sound perception of a human being and the creation of immersive virtual acoustic environments that can be reproduced over headphones or loudspeakers. HRTFs are strongly individual and they can be measured by in-ear microphones worn by real subjects. However, standardized HRTFs can also be measured using artificial head simulators which standardize the body dimensions. In this paper, a comparative analysis of HRTF measurement using in-ear microphones is presented. The results obtained with in-ear microphones are compared with the HRTFs measured with a standard head and torso simulator, investigating different positions of the microphones and of the sound source and employing two different types of microphones. Finally, the HRTFs of five real subjects are measured and compared with the ones measured by the microphones in the ear of a standard mannequin. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:29:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4e63c74d151a4d798968aab1e8592333 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:29:16Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-4e63c74d151a4d798968aab1e85923332023-11-18T17:30:08ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202023-06-012313601610.3390/s23136016Comparative Analysis of HRTFs Measurement Using In-Ear MicrophonesValeria Bruschi0Alessandro Terenzi1Nefeli A. Dourou2Susanna Spinsante3Stefania Cecchi4Department of Information Engineering, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, ItalyDepartment of Information Engineering, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, ItalyDepartment of Information Engineering, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, ItalyDepartment of Information Engineering, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, ItalyDepartment of Information Engineering, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, ItalyThe head-related transfer functions (HRTFs) describe the acoustic path transfer functions between sound sources in the free-field and the listener’s ear canal. They enable the evaluation of the sound perception of a human being and the creation of immersive virtual acoustic environments that can be reproduced over headphones or loudspeakers. HRTFs are strongly individual and they can be measured by in-ear microphones worn by real subjects. However, standardized HRTFs can also be measured using artificial head simulators which standardize the body dimensions. In this paper, a comparative analysis of HRTF measurement using in-ear microphones is presented. The results obtained with in-ear microphones are compared with the HRTFs measured with a standard head and torso simulator, investigating different positions of the microphones and of the sound source and employing two different types of microphones. Finally, the HRTFs of five real subjects are measured and compared with the ones measured by the microphones in the ear of a standard mannequin.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/13/6016head-related transfer functionhead-related impulse responseHRTF measurementindividual HRTF measurement |
| spellingShingle | Valeria Bruschi Alessandro Terenzi Nefeli A. Dourou Susanna Spinsante Stefania Cecchi Comparative Analysis of HRTFs Measurement Using In-Ear Microphones Sensors head-related transfer function head-related impulse response HRTF measurement individual HRTF measurement |
| title | Comparative Analysis of HRTFs Measurement Using In-Ear Microphones |
| title_full | Comparative Analysis of HRTFs Measurement Using In-Ear Microphones |
| title_fullStr | Comparative Analysis of HRTFs Measurement Using In-Ear Microphones |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparative Analysis of HRTFs Measurement Using In-Ear Microphones |
| title_short | Comparative Analysis of HRTFs Measurement Using In-Ear Microphones |
| title_sort | comparative analysis of hrtfs measurement using in ear microphones |
| topic | head-related transfer function head-related impulse response HRTF measurement individual HRTF measurement |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/13/6016 |
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