Lead-Free Cesium Titanium Bromide Double Perovskite Nanocrystals
Double perovskites are a promising family of lead-free materials that not only replace lead but also enable new optoelectronic applications beyond photovoltaics. Recently, a titanium (Ti)-based vacancy-ordered double perovskite, Cs<sub>2</sub>TiBr<sub>6</sub>, has been report...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-05-01
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| Series: | Nanomaterials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/11/6/1458 |
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| author | G. Krishnamurthy Grandhi Anastasia Matuhina Maning Liu Shambhavee Annurakshita Harri Ali-Löytty Godofredo Bautista Paola Vivo |
| author_facet | G. Krishnamurthy Grandhi Anastasia Matuhina Maning Liu Shambhavee Annurakshita Harri Ali-Löytty Godofredo Bautista Paola Vivo |
| author_sort | G. Krishnamurthy Grandhi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Double perovskites are a promising family of lead-free materials that not only replace lead but also enable new optoelectronic applications beyond photovoltaics. Recently, a titanium (Ti)-based vacancy-ordered double perovskite, Cs<sub>2</sub>TiBr<sub>6</sub>, has been reported as an example of truly sustainable and earth-abundant perovskite with controversial results in terms of photoluminescence and environmental stability. Our work looks at this material from a new perspective, i.e., at the nanoscale. We demonstrate the first colloidal synthesis of Cs<sub>2</sub>TiX<sub>6</sub> nanocrystals (X = Br, Cl) and observe tunable morphology and size of the nanocrystals according to the set reaction temperature. The Cs<sub>2</sub>TiBr<sub>6</sub> nanocrystals synthesized at 185 °C show a bandgap of 1.9 eV and are relatively stable up to 8 weeks in suspensions. However, they do not display notable photoluminescence. The centrosymmetric crystal structure of Cs<sub>2</sub>TiBr<sub>6</sub> suggests that this material could enable third-harmonic generation (THG) responses. Indeed, we provide a clear evidence of THG signals detected by the THG microscopy technique. As only a few THG-active halide perovskite materials are known to date and they are all lead-based, our findings promote future research on Cs<sub>2</sub>TiBr<sub>6</sub> as well as on other lead-free double perovskites, with stronger focus on currently unexplored nonlinear optical applications. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:50:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4e758f0b61614dee9f175ca28cf6afe2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-4991 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:50:42Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nanomaterials |
| spelling | doaj.art-4e758f0b61614dee9f175ca28cf6afe22023-11-21T22:13:42ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912021-05-01116145810.3390/nano11061458Lead-Free Cesium Titanium Bromide Double Perovskite NanocrystalsG. Krishnamurthy Grandhi0Anastasia Matuhina1Maning Liu2Shambhavee Annurakshita3Harri Ali-Löytty4Godofredo Bautista5Paola Vivo6Hybrid Solar Cells, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 541, FI-33014 Tampere, FinlandHybrid Solar Cells, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 541, FI-33014 Tampere, FinlandHybrid Solar Cells, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 541, FI-33014 Tampere, FinlandPhotonics Laboratory, Physics Unit, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, FI-33014 Tampere, FinlandSurface Science Group, Photonics Laboratory, Tampere University, P.O. Box 692, FI-33014 Tampere, FinlandPhotonics Laboratory, Physics Unit, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, FI-33014 Tampere, FinlandHybrid Solar Cells, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 541, FI-33014 Tampere, FinlandDouble perovskites are a promising family of lead-free materials that not only replace lead but also enable new optoelectronic applications beyond photovoltaics. Recently, a titanium (Ti)-based vacancy-ordered double perovskite, Cs<sub>2</sub>TiBr<sub>6</sub>, has been reported as an example of truly sustainable and earth-abundant perovskite with controversial results in terms of photoluminescence and environmental stability. Our work looks at this material from a new perspective, i.e., at the nanoscale. We demonstrate the first colloidal synthesis of Cs<sub>2</sub>TiX<sub>6</sub> nanocrystals (X = Br, Cl) and observe tunable morphology and size of the nanocrystals according to the set reaction temperature. The Cs<sub>2</sub>TiBr<sub>6</sub> nanocrystals synthesized at 185 °C show a bandgap of 1.9 eV and are relatively stable up to 8 weeks in suspensions. However, they do not display notable photoluminescence. The centrosymmetric crystal structure of Cs<sub>2</sub>TiBr<sub>6</sub> suggests that this material could enable third-harmonic generation (THG) responses. Indeed, we provide a clear evidence of THG signals detected by the THG microscopy technique. As only a few THG-active halide perovskite materials are known to date and they are all lead-based, our findings promote future research on Cs<sub>2</sub>TiBr<sub>6</sub> as well as on other lead-free double perovskites, with stronger focus on currently unexplored nonlinear optical applications.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/11/6/1458lead-free halide perovskitesnanocrystalstitanium (Ti)double perovskitesstabilitythird-harmonic generation |
| spellingShingle | G. Krishnamurthy Grandhi Anastasia Matuhina Maning Liu Shambhavee Annurakshita Harri Ali-Löytty Godofredo Bautista Paola Vivo Lead-Free Cesium Titanium Bromide Double Perovskite Nanocrystals Nanomaterials lead-free halide perovskites nanocrystals titanium (Ti) double perovskites stability third-harmonic generation |
| title | Lead-Free Cesium Titanium Bromide Double Perovskite Nanocrystals |
| title_full | Lead-Free Cesium Titanium Bromide Double Perovskite Nanocrystals |
| title_fullStr | Lead-Free Cesium Titanium Bromide Double Perovskite Nanocrystals |
| title_full_unstemmed | Lead-Free Cesium Titanium Bromide Double Perovskite Nanocrystals |
| title_short | Lead-Free Cesium Titanium Bromide Double Perovskite Nanocrystals |
| title_sort | lead free cesium titanium bromide double perovskite nanocrystals |
| topic | lead-free halide perovskites nanocrystals titanium (Ti) double perovskites stability third-harmonic generation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/11/6/1458 |
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