Mitochondrial Dysfunction-Associated Mechanisms in the Development of Chronic Liver Diseases
The liver is a major metabolic organ that performs many essential biological functions such as detoxification and the synthesis of proteins and biochemicals necessary for digestion and growth. Any disruption in normal liver function can lead to the development of more severe liver disorders. Overall...
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MDPI AG
2023-10-01
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| author | Madan Kumar Arumugam Thiyagarajan Gopal Rakhee Rathnam Kalari Kandy Lokesh Kumar Boopathy Sathish Kumar Perumal Murali Ganesan Karuna Rasineni Terrence M. Donohue Natalia A. Osna Kusum K. Kharbanda |
| author_facet | Madan Kumar Arumugam Thiyagarajan Gopal Rakhee Rathnam Kalari Kandy Lokesh Kumar Boopathy Sathish Kumar Perumal Murali Ganesan Karuna Rasineni Terrence M. Donohue Natalia A. Osna Kusum K. Kharbanda |
| author_sort | Madan Kumar Arumugam |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The liver is a major metabolic organ that performs many essential biological functions such as detoxification and the synthesis of proteins and biochemicals necessary for digestion and growth. Any disruption in normal liver function can lead to the development of more severe liver disorders. Overall, about 3 million Americans have some type of liver disease and 5.5 million people have progressive liver disease or cirrhosis, in which scar tissue replaces the healthy liver tissue. An estimated 20% to 30% of adults have excess fat in their livers, a condition called steatosis. The most common etiologies for steatosis development are (1) high caloric intake that causes non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and (2) excessive alcohol consumption, which results in alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD). NAFLD is now termed “metabolic-dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease” (MASLD), which reflects its association with the metabolic syndrome and conditions including diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol and obesity. ALD represents a spectrum of liver injury that ranges from hepatic steatosis to more advanced liver pathologies, including alcoholic hepatitis (AH), alcohol-associated cirrhosis (AC) and acute AH, presenting as acute-on-chronic liver failure. The predominant liver cells, hepatocytes, comprise more than 70% of the total liver mass in human adults and are the basic metabolic cells. Mitochondria are intracellular organelles that are the principal sources of energy in hepatocytes and play a major role in oxidative metabolism and sustaining liver cell energy needs. In addition to regulating cellular energy homeostasis, mitochondria perform other key physiologic and metabolic activities, including ion homeostasis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, redox signaling and participation in cell injury/death. Here, we discuss the main mechanism of mitochondrial dysfunction in chronic liver disease and some treatment strategies available for targeting mitochondria. |
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| issn | 2079-7737 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:25:21Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-4e7a482ef3c94cdc9ac00212a22e41ef2023-11-19T15:43:30ZengMDPI AGBiology2079-77372023-10-011210131110.3390/biology12101311Mitochondrial Dysfunction-Associated Mechanisms in the Development of Chronic Liver DiseasesMadan Kumar Arumugam0Thiyagarajan Gopal1Rakhee Rathnam Kalari Kandy2Lokesh Kumar Boopathy3Sathish Kumar Perumal4Murali Ganesan5Karuna Rasineni6Terrence M. Donohue7Natalia A. Osna8Kusum K. Kharbanda9Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USACentre for Laboratory Animal Technology and Research, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600119, Tamil Nadu, IndiaDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USACentre for Laboratory Animal Technology and Research, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600119, Tamil Nadu, IndiaResearch Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USAResearch Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USADepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USAResearch Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USAResearch Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USAResearch Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USAThe liver is a major metabolic organ that performs many essential biological functions such as detoxification and the synthesis of proteins and biochemicals necessary for digestion and growth. Any disruption in normal liver function can lead to the development of more severe liver disorders. Overall, about 3 million Americans have some type of liver disease and 5.5 million people have progressive liver disease or cirrhosis, in which scar tissue replaces the healthy liver tissue. An estimated 20% to 30% of adults have excess fat in their livers, a condition called steatosis. The most common etiologies for steatosis development are (1) high caloric intake that causes non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and (2) excessive alcohol consumption, which results in alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD). NAFLD is now termed “metabolic-dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease” (MASLD), which reflects its association with the metabolic syndrome and conditions including diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol and obesity. ALD represents a spectrum of liver injury that ranges from hepatic steatosis to more advanced liver pathologies, including alcoholic hepatitis (AH), alcohol-associated cirrhosis (AC) and acute AH, presenting as acute-on-chronic liver failure. The predominant liver cells, hepatocytes, comprise more than 70% of the total liver mass in human adults and are the basic metabolic cells. Mitochondria are intracellular organelles that are the principal sources of energy in hepatocytes and play a major role in oxidative metabolism and sustaining liver cell energy needs. In addition to regulating cellular energy homeostasis, mitochondria perform other key physiologic and metabolic activities, including ion homeostasis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, redox signaling and participation in cell injury/death. Here, we discuss the main mechanism of mitochondrial dysfunction in chronic liver disease and some treatment strategies available for targeting mitochondria.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/12/10/1311mitochondriametabolic-dysfunction-associated steatotic liver diseasealcohol-associated liver diseaseliverhepatocytessteatotic liver diseases |
| spellingShingle | Madan Kumar Arumugam Thiyagarajan Gopal Rakhee Rathnam Kalari Kandy Lokesh Kumar Boopathy Sathish Kumar Perumal Murali Ganesan Karuna Rasineni Terrence M. Donohue Natalia A. Osna Kusum K. Kharbanda Mitochondrial Dysfunction-Associated Mechanisms in the Development of Chronic Liver Diseases Biology mitochondria metabolic-dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease alcohol-associated liver disease liver hepatocytes steatotic liver diseases |
| title | Mitochondrial Dysfunction-Associated Mechanisms in the Development of Chronic Liver Diseases |
| title_full | Mitochondrial Dysfunction-Associated Mechanisms in the Development of Chronic Liver Diseases |
| title_fullStr | Mitochondrial Dysfunction-Associated Mechanisms in the Development of Chronic Liver Diseases |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mitochondrial Dysfunction-Associated Mechanisms in the Development of Chronic Liver Diseases |
| title_short | Mitochondrial Dysfunction-Associated Mechanisms in the Development of Chronic Liver Diseases |
| title_sort | mitochondrial dysfunction associated mechanisms in the development of chronic liver diseases |
| topic | mitochondria metabolic-dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease alcohol-associated liver disease liver hepatocytes steatotic liver diseases |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/12/10/1311 |
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