The Effect of Different Output Powers of Blue Diode Laser along with Curcumin and Riboflavin against <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> around Orthodontic Brackets: An In Vitro Study
Objectives: The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) using the blue diode laser (BDL) with different output powers and the photosensitizers riboflavin and curcumin on reducing the number of <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> around o...
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MDPI AG
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Biomedicines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/11/8/2248 |
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| author | Edris Pordel Trife Ghasemi Shima Afrasiabi Stefano Benedicenti Antonio Signore Nasim Chiniforush |
| author_facet | Edris Pordel Trife Ghasemi Shima Afrasiabi Stefano Benedicenti Antonio Signore Nasim Chiniforush |
| author_sort | Edris Pordel |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objectives: The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) using the blue diode laser (BDL) with different output powers and the photosensitizers riboflavin and curcumin on reducing the number of <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> around orthodontic brackets. Materials and methods: A total of 36 orthodontic brackets were contaminated with <i>S. mutans</i> and randomly assigned to 12 groups as follows: control, riboflavin alone, riboflavin + BDL with an output power of 200, 300, 400, or 500 mW, and curcumin alone, curcumin + BDL with an output power of 200, 300, 400, or 500 mW, and 0.2% chlorhexidine (CHX-positive control). Orthodontic brackets were irradiated with a BDL (wavelength 445 nm) at a power density of 0.4–1.0 W/cm<sup>2</sup> for 30 s. All orthodontic brackets were examined under a stereomicroscope at 10× magnification. Mean colony-forming units (CFUs)/mL were measured before and after treatment. A one-way analysis of variance with Tukey’s post hoc test was performed to compare CFU/mL between groups. Results: CHX and curcumin plus BDL with an output power of 500 mW had the highest reduction in <i>S. mutans</i> colony numbers (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The curcumin groups were more effective than the riboflavin groups. Riboflavin alone and riboflavin + BDL with an output power of 200 mW showed no significant difference from the control group (<i>p</i> = 0.99 and 0.74, respectively). Conclusion: Our results suggest that aPDT using curcumin as a photosensitizer plus BDL with an output power of 500 mW and a power density of 1.0 W/cm<sup>2</sup> at a wavelength of 445 nm can effectively reduce colonies of <i>S. mutans</i> around stainless steel brackets. |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9059 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:06:22Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
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| series | Biomedicines |
| spelling | doaj.art-4e7c807dbc324f6ab930abc3942bb2aa2023-11-19T00:21:28ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592023-08-01118224810.3390/biomedicines11082248The Effect of Different Output Powers of Blue Diode Laser along with Curcumin and Riboflavin against <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> around Orthodontic Brackets: An In Vitro StudyEdris Pordel0Trife Ghasemi1Shima Afrasiabi2Stefano Benedicenti3Antonio Signore4Nasim Chiniforush5Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Dental School, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar 9613875389, IranIndependent Researcher, Mashhad 9613875389, IranLaser Research Center of Dentistry, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1441987566, IranDepartment of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, 16132 Genoa, ItalyTherapeutic Dentistry Department, Institute of Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya Str. 8, b. 2, 119992 Moscow, RussiaDepartment of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, 16132 Genoa, ItalyObjectives: The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) using the blue diode laser (BDL) with different output powers and the photosensitizers riboflavin and curcumin on reducing the number of <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> around orthodontic brackets. Materials and methods: A total of 36 orthodontic brackets were contaminated with <i>S. mutans</i> and randomly assigned to 12 groups as follows: control, riboflavin alone, riboflavin + BDL with an output power of 200, 300, 400, or 500 mW, and curcumin alone, curcumin + BDL with an output power of 200, 300, 400, or 500 mW, and 0.2% chlorhexidine (CHX-positive control). Orthodontic brackets were irradiated with a BDL (wavelength 445 nm) at a power density of 0.4–1.0 W/cm<sup>2</sup> for 30 s. All orthodontic brackets were examined under a stereomicroscope at 10× magnification. Mean colony-forming units (CFUs)/mL were measured before and after treatment. A one-way analysis of variance with Tukey’s post hoc test was performed to compare CFU/mL between groups. Results: CHX and curcumin plus BDL with an output power of 500 mW had the highest reduction in <i>S. mutans</i> colony numbers (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The curcumin groups were more effective than the riboflavin groups. Riboflavin alone and riboflavin + BDL with an output power of 200 mW showed no significant difference from the control group (<i>p</i> = 0.99 and 0.74, respectively). Conclusion: Our results suggest that aPDT using curcumin as a photosensitizer plus BDL with an output power of 500 mW and a power density of 1.0 W/cm<sup>2</sup> at a wavelength of 445 nm can effectively reduce colonies of <i>S. mutans</i> around stainless steel brackets.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/11/8/2248antimicrobial photodynamic therapyblue diode lasercurcuminriboflavinorthodontic bracketsdental caries |
| spellingShingle | Edris Pordel Trife Ghasemi Shima Afrasiabi Stefano Benedicenti Antonio Signore Nasim Chiniforush The Effect of Different Output Powers of Blue Diode Laser along with Curcumin and Riboflavin against <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> around Orthodontic Brackets: An In Vitro Study Biomedicines antimicrobial photodynamic therapy blue diode laser curcumin riboflavin orthodontic brackets dental caries |
| title | The Effect of Different Output Powers of Blue Diode Laser along with Curcumin and Riboflavin against <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> around Orthodontic Brackets: An In Vitro Study |
| title_full | The Effect of Different Output Powers of Blue Diode Laser along with Curcumin and Riboflavin against <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> around Orthodontic Brackets: An In Vitro Study |
| title_fullStr | The Effect of Different Output Powers of Blue Diode Laser along with Curcumin and Riboflavin against <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> around Orthodontic Brackets: An In Vitro Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Effect of Different Output Powers of Blue Diode Laser along with Curcumin and Riboflavin against <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> around Orthodontic Brackets: An In Vitro Study |
| title_short | The Effect of Different Output Powers of Blue Diode Laser along with Curcumin and Riboflavin against <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> around Orthodontic Brackets: An In Vitro Study |
| title_sort | effect of different output powers of blue diode laser along with curcumin and riboflavin against i streptococcus mutans i around orthodontic brackets an in vitro study |
| topic | antimicrobial photodynamic therapy blue diode laser curcumin riboflavin orthodontic brackets dental caries |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/11/8/2248 |
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