Salbutamol transport and deposition in healthy cat airways under different breathing conditions and particle sizes
Salbutamol is a bronchodilatator commonly used for the treatment of feline inflammatory lower airway disease, including asthma or acute bronchospasm. As in humans, a pressurized metered dose inhaler (pMDI) is used in conjunction with a spacer and a spherical mask to facilitate salbutamol administrat...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2023.1176757/full |
| _version_ | 1797777784242700288 |
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| author | Rocio Fernández-Parra Pascaline Pey Carol Reinero Mauro Malvè Mauro Malvè |
| author_facet | Rocio Fernández-Parra Pascaline Pey Carol Reinero Mauro Malvè Mauro Malvè |
| author_sort | Rocio Fernández-Parra |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Salbutamol is a bronchodilatator commonly used for the treatment of feline inflammatory lower airway disease, including asthma or acute bronchospasm. As in humans, a pressurized metered dose inhaler (pMDI) is used in conjunction with a spacer and a spherical mask to facilitate salbutamol administration. However, efficacy of inhalation therapy is influenced by different factors including the non-cooperative character of cats. In this study, the goal was to use computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to analyze the impact of breathing patterns and salbutamol particle size on overall drug transport and deposition using a specific spherical mask and spacer designed for cats. A model incorporating three-dimensional cat airway geometry, a commercially available spherical mask, and a 10 cm spacer, was used for CFD analysis. Two peak inspiratory flows were tested: 30 mL/s and 126 mL/s. Simulations were performed with 30s breathing different inspiratory and expiratory times, respiratory frequencies and peaks. Droplet spray transport and deposition were simulated with different particle sizes typical of the drug delivery therapies (1, 5, 10, and 15 μm). The percentage of particle deposition into the device and upper airways decreased with increasing particle diameter during both flows imposed in this cat model. During increased mean ventilatory rate (MVR) conditions, most of the salbutamol was lost in the upper airways. And during decreased MVR conditions, most of the particles remained in suspension (still in hold-up) between the mask and the carina, indicating the need for more than 30 s to be transported. In both flows the percentage of particles traveling to the lung was low at 1.5%–2.3%. In conclusion, in contrast to what has been described in the human literature, the results from this feline model suggest that the percentage of particles deposited on the upper airway decreases with increasing particle diameter. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T23:08:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4e8837e43c0f4e3580440d60bd803a89 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2297-1769 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T23:08:31Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-4e8837e43c0f4e3580440d60bd803a892023-07-18T09:01:23ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Veterinary Science2297-17692023-07-011010.3389/fvets.2023.11767571176757Salbutamol transport and deposition in healthy cat airways under different breathing conditions and particle sizesRocio Fernández-Parra0Pascaline Pey1Carol Reinero2Mauro Malvè3Mauro Malvè4Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, SpainAntech Imaging Services, Irvine, CA, United StatesDepartment of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United StatesDepartment of Engineering, Public University of Navarre (UPNA), Pamplona, SpainBiomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, SpainSalbutamol is a bronchodilatator commonly used for the treatment of feline inflammatory lower airway disease, including asthma or acute bronchospasm. As in humans, a pressurized metered dose inhaler (pMDI) is used in conjunction with a spacer and a spherical mask to facilitate salbutamol administration. However, efficacy of inhalation therapy is influenced by different factors including the non-cooperative character of cats. In this study, the goal was to use computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to analyze the impact of breathing patterns and salbutamol particle size on overall drug transport and deposition using a specific spherical mask and spacer designed for cats. A model incorporating three-dimensional cat airway geometry, a commercially available spherical mask, and a 10 cm spacer, was used for CFD analysis. Two peak inspiratory flows were tested: 30 mL/s and 126 mL/s. Simulations were performed with 30s breathing different inspiratory and expiratory times, respiratory frequencies and peaks. Droplet spray transport and deposition were simulated with different particle sizes typical of the drug delivery therapies (1, 5, 10, and 15 μm). The percentage of particle deposition into the device and upper airways decreased with increasing particle diameter during both flows imposed in this cat model. During increased mean ventilatory rate (MVR) conditions, most of the salbutamol was lost in the upper airways. And during decreased MVR conditions, most of the particles remained in suspension (still in hold-up) between the mask and the carina, indicating the need for more than 30 s to be transported. In both flows the percentage of particles traveling to the lung was low at 1.5%–2.3%. In conclusion, in contrast to what has been described in the human literature, the results from this feline model suggest that the percentage of particles deposited on the upper airway decreases with increasing particle diameter.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2023.1176757/fullcomputational fluid dynamics (CFD)lower airway diseasefelinebronchospasminhalation therapy |
| spellingShingle | Rocio Fernández-Parra Pascaline Pey Carol Reinero Mauro Malvè Mauro Malvè Salbutamol transport and deposition in healthy cat airways under different breathing conditions and particle sizes Frontiers in Veterinary Science computational fluid dynamics (CFD) lower airway disease feline bronchospasm inhalation therapy |
| title | Salbutamol transport and deposition in healthy cat airways under different breathing conditions and particle sizes |
| title_full | Salbutamol transport and deposition in healthy cat airways under different breathing conditions and particle sizes |
| title_fullStr | Salbutamol transport and deposition in healthy cat airways under different breathing conditions and particle sizes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Salbutamol transport and deposition in healthy cat airways under different breathing conditions and particle sizes |
| title_short | Salbutamol transport and deposition in healthy cat airways under different breathing conditions and particle sizes |
| title_sort | salbutamol transport and deposition in healthy cat airways under different breathing conditions and particle sizes |
| topic | computational fluid dynamics (CFD) lower airway disease feline bronchospasm inhalation therapy |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2023.1176757/full |
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