Sources, Pollution Characteristics, and Ecological Risk Assessment of Steroids in Beihai Bay, Guangxi
Steroids are environmental endocrine disruptors that are discharged from vertebrates and are also byproducts of aquaculture. They have strong endocrine disrupting effects and are extremely harmful to the environment. The pollution of steroids in Beihai Bay was assessed through analyzing sources from...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-04-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/9/1399 |
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| author | Chaoxing Ren Xiao Tan Cuimei Huang Hui Zhao Wenlu Lan |
| author_facet | Chaoxing Ren Xiao Tan Cuimei Huang Hui Zhao Wenlu Lan |
| author_sort | Chaoxing Ren |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Steroids are environmental endocrine disruptors that are discharged from vertebrates and are also byproducts of aquaculture. They have strong endocrine disrupting effects and are extremely harmful to the environment. The pollution of steroids in Beihai Bay was assessed through analyzing sources from rivers entering the bay. Six different types of steroids were detected in seagoing rivers, seagoing discharge outlets, and marine aquaculture farms, ranging from 0.12 (methyltestosterone) to 2.88 ng/L (estrone), from 0.11 (cortisol) to 5.41 ng/L (6a-methylprednisone (Dragon)), and from 0.13 (estradiol) to 2.51 ng/L (nandrolone), respectively. Moreover, 5 steroids were detected in 13 of the 19 seawater monitoring stations, accounting for 68.4% of the samples, and their concentrations ranged from 0.18 (methyltestosterone) to 4.04 ng/L (estrone). Furthermore, 7 steroids were detected in 15 of the 19 sediment monitoring stations, accounting for 78.9% of the samples, with concentrations ranging from 26 (estrone) to 776 ng/kg(androsterone). Thus, the main source of marine steroids were the discharging rivers and pollution sources entering the sea. An ecological risk assessment indicated that estrone and methyltestosterone were at high risk in this region; 17β estradiol (E2β) was medium risk, and other steroids were of low or no risk. This study provides a scientific basis for ecological risk assessment and control. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:33:09Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4e8adea556c64759813847f223e9a74c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:33:09Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-4e8adea556c64759813847f223e9a74c2023-11-23T09:35:12ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412022-04-01149139910.3390/w14091399Sources, Pollution Characteristics, and Ecological Risk Assessment of Steroids in Beihai Bay, GuangxiChaoxing Ren0Xiao Tan1Cuimei Huang2Hui Zhao3Wenlu Lan4Marine Environmental Monitoring Center of Guangxi, Beihai 536000, ChinaSchool of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, ChinaMarine Environmental Monitoring Center of Guangxi, Beihai 536000, ChinaSchool of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, ChinaMarine Environmental Monitoring Center of Guangxi, Beihai 536000, ChinaSteroids are environmental endocrine disruptors that are discharged from vertebrates and are also byproducts of aquaculture. They have strong endocrine disrupting effects and are extremely harmful to the environment. The pollution of steroids in Beihai Bay was assessed through analyzing sources from rivers entering the bay. Six different types of steroids were detected in seagoing rivers, seagoing discharge outlets, and marine aquaculture farms, ranging from 0.12 (methyltestosterone) to 2.88 ng/L (estrone), from 0.11 (cortisol) to 5.41 ng/L (6a-methylprednisone (Dragon)), and from 0.13 (estradiol) to 2.51 ng/L (nandrolone), respectively. Moreover, 5 steroids were detected in 13 of the 19 seawater monitoring stations, accounting for 68.4% of the samples, and their concentrations ranged from 0.18 (methyltestosterone) to 4.04 ng/L (estrone). Furthermore, 7 steroids were detected in 15 of the 19 sediment monitoring stations, accounting for 78.9% of the samples, with concentrations ranging from 26 (estrone) to 776 ng/kg(androsterone). Thus, the main source of marine steroids were the discharging rivers and pollution sources entering the sea. An ecological risk assessment indicated that estrone and methyltestosterone were at high risk in this region; 17β estradiol (E2β) was medium risk, and other steroids were of low or no risk. This study provides a scientific basis for ecological risk assessment and control.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/9/1399steroidestrogenandrogensprogesteroneglucocorticoidBeihai Bay |
| spellingShingle | Chaoxing Ren Xiao Tan Cuimei Huang Hui Zhao Wenlu Lan Sources, Pollution Characteristics, and Ecological Risk Assessment of Steroids in Beihai Bay, Guangxi Water steroid estrogen androgens progesterone glucocorticoid Beihai Bay |
| title | Sources, Pollution Characteristics, and Ecological Risk Assessment of Steroids in Beihai Bay, Guangxi |
| title_full | Sources, Pollution Characteristics, and Ecological Risk Assessment of Steroids in Beihai Bay, Guangxi |
| title_fullStr | Sources, Pollution Characteristics, and Ecological Risk Assessment of Steroids in Beihai Bay, Guangxi |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sources, Pollution Characteristics, and Ecological Risk Assessment of Steroids in Beihai Bay, Guangxi |
| title_short | Sources, Pollution Characteristics, and Ecological Risk Assessment of Steroids in Beihai Bay, Guangxi |
| title_sort | sources pollution characteristics and ecological risk assessment of steroids in beihai bay guangxi |
| topic | steroid estrogen androgens progesterone glucocorticoid Beihai Bay |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/9/1399 |
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