Evaluation of the Horizontal Transmission of White Spot Syndrome Virus for Whiteleg Shrimp (<i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i>) Based on the Disease Severity Grade and Viral Shedding Rate
White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is the most problematic pathogen in crustaceans. In this study, we investigated the horizontal transmission model of WSSV based on the correlation between the disease severity grade and viral shedding rate and determined the minimum infective dose of WSSV via the wat...
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/10/1676 |
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author | Min-Jae Kim Jae-Ok Kim Gwang-Il Jang Mun-Gyeong Kwon Kwang-Il Kim |
author_facet | Min-Jae Kim Jae-Ok Kim Gwang-Il Jang Mun-Gyeong Kwon Kwang-Il Kim |
author_sort | Min-Jae Kim |
collection | DOAJ |
description | White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is the most problematic pathogen in crustaceans. In this study, we investigated the horizontal transmission model of WSSV based on the correlation between the disease severity grade and viral shedding rate and determined the minimum infective dose of WSSV via the waterborne route. Intramuscular injection challenges at different doses and water temperatures revealed that the thresholds of viral shedding and mortality were G1 (3.1 × 10<sup>3</sup> copies/mg) and G2 (8.5 × 10<sup>4</sup> copies/mg), respectively. Furthermore, a positive linear correlation was observed between viral copies of pleopods and viral shedding rate (y = 0.7076x + 1.414; <i>p</i> < 0.001). Minimum infective doses of WSSV were determined via an immersion challenge. Infection was observed within 1, 3, and 7 d in 10<sup>5</sup>-, 10<sup>3</sup>-, and 10<sup>1</sup> copies/mL of seawater, respectively. In the cohabitation challenge, infection was observed within six days with viral loads of 10<sup>1</sup> to 10<sup>2</sup> copies/mL of seawater, which further increased in the recipient group. Our results indicate a positive correlation between disease severity grade and viral shedding rate of infected shrimp and suggest that the waterborne transmission of WSSV depends on the viral load and exposure period. |
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issn | 2076-2615 |
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spelling | doaj.art-4e9c8191ff274b3082e1f650f4d89fc82023-11-18T00:10:37ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152023-05-011310167610.3390/ani13101676Evaluation of the Horizontal Transmission of White Spot Syndrome Virus for Whiteleg Shrimp (<i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i>) Based on the Disease Severity Grade and Viral Shedding RateMin-Jae Kim0Jae-Ok Kim1Gwang-Il Jang2Mun-Gyeong Kwon3Kwang-Il Kim4Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of KoreaTongyeong Regional Office, National Fishery Products Quality Management Service (NFQS), Tongyeong 53019, Republic of KoreaAquatic Disease Control Division, National Fishery Products Quality Management Service (NFQS), Busan 49111, Republic of KoreaAquatic Disease Control Division, National Fishery Products Quality Management Service (NFQS), Busan 49111, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of KoreaWhite spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is the most problematic pathogen in crustaceans. In this study, we investigated the horizontal transmission model of WSSV based on the correlation between the disease severity grade and viral shedding rate and determined the minimum infective dose of WSSV via the waterborne route. Intramuscular injection challenges at different doses and water temperatures revealed that the thresholds of viral shedding and mortality were G1 (3.1 × 10<sup>3</sup> copies/mg) and G2 (8.5 × 10<sup>4</sup> copies/mg), respectively. Furthermore, a positive linear correlation was observed between viral copies of pleopods and viral shedding rate (y = 0.7076x + 1.414; <i>p</i> < 0.001). Minimum infective doses of WSSV were determined via an immersion challenge. Infection was observed within 1, 3, and 7 d in 10<sup>5</sup>-, 10<sup>3</sup>-, and 10<sup>1</sup> copies/mL of seawater, respectively. In the cohabitation challenge, infection was observed within six days with viral loads of 10<sup>1</sup> to 10<sup>2</sup> copies/mL of seawater, which further increased in the recipient group. Our results indicate a positive correlation between disease severity grade and viral shedding rate of infected shrimp and suggest that the waterborne transmission of WSSV depends on the viral load and exposure period.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/10/1676white spot syndrome viruswaterborne transmissionseverity gradeviral shedding rateminimum infective dose |
spellingShingle | Min-Jae Kim Jae-Ok Kim Gwang-Il Jang Mun-Gyeong Kwon Kwang-Il Kim Evaluation of the Horizontal Transmission of White Spot Syndrome Virus for Whiteleg Shrimp (<i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i>) Based on the Disease Severity Grade and Viral Shedding Rate Animals white spot syndrome virus waterborne transmission severity grade viral shedding rate minimum infective dose |
title | Evaluation of the Horizontal Transmission of White Spot Syndrome Virus for Whiteleg Shrimp (<i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i>) Based on the Disease Severity Grade and Viral Shedding Rate |
title_full | Evaluation of the Horizontal Transmission of White Spot Syndrome Virus for Whiteleg Shrimp (<i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i>) Based on the Disease Severity Grade and Viral Shedding Rate |
title_fullStr | Evaluation of the Horizontal Transmission of White Spot Syndrome Virus for Whiteleg Shrimp (<i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i>) Based on the Disease Severity Grade and Viral Shedding Rate |
title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of the Horizontal Transmission of White Spot Syndrome Virus for Whiteleg Shrimp (<i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i>) Based on the Disease Severity Grade and Viral Shedding Rate |
title_short | Evaluation of the Horizontal Transmission of White Spot Syndrome Virus for Whiteleg Shrimp (<i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i>) Based on the Disease Severity Grade and Viral Shedding Rate |
title_sort | evaluation of the horizontal transmission of white spot syndrome virus for whiteleg shrimp i litopenaeus vannamei i based on the disease severity grade and viral shedding rate |
topic | white spot syndrome virus waterborne transmission severity grade viral shedding rate minimum infective dose |
url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/10/1676 |
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