Simultaneous measurement of NO and NO<sub>2</sub> by a dual-channel cavity ring-down spectroscopy technique
<p>Nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (<span class="inline-formula">NO<sub>2</sub></span>) are relevant to air quality due to their roles in tropospheric ozone (<span class="inline-formula">O<sub>3</sub></span>) production...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Copernicus Publications
2019-06-01
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| Series: | Atmospheric Measurement Techniques |
| Online Access: | https://www.atmos-meas-tech.net/12/3223/2019/amt-12-3223-2019.pdf |
| _version_ | 1818129673027059712 |
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| author | Z. Li Z. Li R. Hu P. Xie P. Xie P. Xie H. Chen X. Liu S. Liang S. Liang D. Wang F. Wang Y. Wang Y. Wang C. Lin J. Liu J. Liu J. Liu W. Liu W. Liu W. Liu |
| author_facet | Z. Li Z. Li R. Hu P. Xie P. Xie P. Xie H. Chen X. Liu S. Liang S. Liang D. Wang F. Wang Y. Wang Y. Wang C. Lin J. Liu J. Liu J. Liu W. Liu W. Liu W. Liu |
| author_sort | Z. Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (<span class="inline-formula">NO<sub>2</sub></span>) are relevant to air
quality due to their roles in tropospheric ozone (<span class="inline-formula">O<sub>3</sub></span>) production. In
China, <span class="inline-formula">NO<sub><i>x</i></sub></span> emissions are very high and <span class="inline-formula">NO<sub><i>x</i></sub></span> emissions exhausted from on-road
vehicles make up 20 % of total <span class="inline-formula">NO<sub><i>x</i></sub></span> emissions. In order to detect the NO
and <span class="inline-formula">NO<sub>2</sub></span> emissions on road, a dual-channel cavity ring-down spectroscopy
(CRDS) system for <span class="inline-formula">NO<sub>2</sub></span> and NO detection has been developed. In the
system, NO is converted to <span class="inline-formula">NO<sub>2</sub></span> by its reaction with excess <span class="inline-formula">O<sub>3</sub></span>
in the
<span class="inline-formula">NO<sub><i>x</i></sub></span> channel, such that NO can be determined through the difference
between two channels. The detection limits of <span class="inline-formula">NO<sub>2</sub></span> and <span class="inline-formula">NO<sub><i>x</i></sub></span> for the
system are estimated to be about 0.030 (<span class="inline-formula">1<i>σ</i></span>, 1 s) and 0.040 ppb (1<span class="inline-formula"><i>σ</i></span>, 1 s), respectively. Considering the error sources of <span class="inline-formula">NO<sub>2</sub></span>
absorption cross section and <span class="inline-formula"><i>R</i><sub>L</sub></span> determination, the total uncertainty of
<span class="inline-formula">NO<sub>2</sub></span> measurements is about 5%. The performance of the system was
validated against a chemiluminescence (CL) analyser (42i, Thermo Scientific,
Inc.) by measuring the <span class="inline-formula">NO<sub>2</sub></span> standard mixtures. The measurement results
of <span class="inline-formula">NO<sub>2</sub></span> showed a linear correction factor (<span class="inline-formula"><i>R</i><sup>2</sup></span>) of 0.99 in a slope
of <span class="inline-formula">1.031±0.006</span>, with an offset of (<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M24" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">0.940</mn><mo>±</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">0.323</mn></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="76pt" height="10pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="7c1517a6eedf42a18e21f870565c7e4e"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="amt-12-3223-2019-ie00001.svg" width="76pt" height="10pt" src="amt-12-3223-2019-ie00001.png"/></svg:svg></span></span>) ppb. An
intercomparison between the system and a cavity-enhanced absorption
spectroscopy (CEAS) instrument was also conducted separately for <span class="inline-formula">NO<sub>2</sub></span>
measurement in an ambient environment. Least-squares analysis showed that the
slope and intercept of the regression line are <span class="inline-formula">1.042±0.002</span> and
(<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M27" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">0.393</mn><mo>±</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">0.040</mn></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="76pt" height="10pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="40cda32cc76768ef1404b596f4420b73"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="amt-12-3223-2019-ie00002.svg" width="76pt" height="10pt" src="amt-12-3223-2019-ie00002.png"/></svg:svg></span></span>) ppb, respectively, with a linear correlation factor
of <span class="inline-formula"><i>R</i><sup>2</sup>=0.99</span>. Another intercomparison conducted between the system and
the CL analyser for NO detection also showed a good agreement within their
uncertainties, with an absolute shift of (<span class="inline-formula">0.352±0.013</span>) ppb, a slope
of <span class="inline-formula">0.957±0.007</span> and a correlation coefficient of <span class="inline-formula"><i>R</i><sup>2</sup>=0.99</span>. The
system was deployed on the measurements of on-road vehicle emission plumes
in Hefei, and the different emission characteristics were observed in the
different areas of the city. The successful deployment of the system has
demonstrated that the instrument can provide a new method for retrieving
fast variations in NO and <span class="inline-formula">NO<sub>2</sub></span> plumes.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T07:52:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4e9f1a5e3d2542f98aaa34eb2cfabdd2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1867-1381 1867-8548 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T07:52:53Z |
| publishDate | 2019-06-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmospheric Measurement Techniques |
| spelling | doaj.art-4e9f1a5e3d2542f98aaa34eb2cfabdd22022-12-22T01:15:17ZengCopernicus PublicationsAtmospheric Measurement Techniques1867-13811867-85482019-06-01123223323610.5194/amt-12-3223-2019Simultaneous measurement of NO and NO<sub>2</sub> by a dual-channel cavity ring-down spectroscopy techniqueZ. Li0Z. Li1R. Hu2P. Xie3P. Xie4P. Xie5H. Chen6X. Liu7S. Liang8S. Liang9D. Wang10F. Wang11Y. Wang12Y. Wang13C. Lin14J. Liu15J. Liu16J. Liu17W. Liu18W. Liu19W. Liu20Key Lab. of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, ChinaScience Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, ChinaKey Lab. of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, ChinaKey Lab. of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, ChinaSchool of Environmental Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, ChinaCAS Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361000, Fujian, ChinaKey Lab. of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, ChinaCollege of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, ChinaKey Lab. of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, ChinaScience Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, ChinaSchool of Mathematics and Physics, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan 243032, ChinaKey Lab. of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, ChinaKey Lab. of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, ChinaSchool of Environmental Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, ChinaKey Lab. of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, ChinaKey Lab. of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, ChinaSchool of Environmental Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, ChinaCAS Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361000, Fujian, ChinaKey Lab. of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, ChinaSchool of Environmental Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, ChinaCAS Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361000, Fujian, China<p>Nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (<span class="inline-formula">NO<sub>2</sub></span>) are relevant to air quality due to their roles in tropospheric ozone (<span class="inline-formula">O<sub>3</sub></span>) production. In China, <span class="inline-formula">NO<sub><i>x</i></sub></span> emissions are very high and <span class="inline-formula">NO<sub><i>x</i></sub></span> emissions exhausted from on-road vehicles make up 20 % of total <span class="inline-formula">NO<sub><i>x</i></sub></span> emissions. In order to detect the NO and <span class="inline-formula">NO<sub>2</sub></span> emissions on road, a dual-channel cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) system for <span class="inline-formula">NO<sub>2</sub></span> and NO detection has been developed. In the system, NO is converted to <span class="inline-formula">NO<sub>2</sub></span> by its reaction with excess <span class="inline-formula">O<sub>3</sub></span> in the <span class="inline-formula">NO<sub><i>x</i></sub></span> channel, such that NO can be determined through the difference between two channels. The detection limits of <span class="inline-formula">NO<sub>2</sub></span> and <span class="inline-formula">NO<sub><i>x</i></sub></span> for the system are estimated to be about 0.030 (<span class="inline-formula">1<i>σ</i></span>, 1 s) and 0.040 ppb (1<span class="inline-formula"><i>σ</i></span>, 1 s), respectively. Considering the error sources of <span class="inline-formula">NO<sub>2</sub></span> absorption cross section and <span class="inline-formula"><i>R</i><sub>L</sub></span> determination, the total uncertainty of <span class="inline-formula">NO<sub>2</sub></span> measurements is about 5%. The performance of the system was validated against a chemiluminescence (CL) analyser (42i, Thermo Scientific, Inc.) by measuring the <span class="inline-formula">NO<sub>2</sub></span> standard mixtures. The measurement results of <span class="inline-formula">NO<sub>2</sub></span> showed a linear correction factor (<span class="inline-formula"><i>R</i><sup>2</sup></span>) of 0.99 in a slope of <span class="inline-formula">1.031±0.006</span>, with an offset of (<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M24" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">0.940</mn><mo>±</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">0.323</mn></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="76pt" height="10pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="7c1517a6eedf42a18e21f870565c7e4e"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="amt-12-3223-2019-ie00001.svg" width="76pt" height="10pt" src="amt-12-3223-2019-ie00001.png"/></svg:svg></span></span>) ppb. An intercomparison between the system and a cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy (CEAS) instrument was also conducted separately for <span class="inline-formula">NO<sub>2</sub></span> measurement in an ambient environment. Least-squares analysis showed that the slope and intercept of the regression line are <span class="inline-formula">1.042±0.002</span> and (<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M27" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">0.393</mn><mo>±</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">0.040</mn></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="76pt" height="10pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="40cda32cc76768ef1404b596f4420b73"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="amt-12-3223-2019-ie00002.svg" width="76pt" height="10pt" src="amt-12-3223-2019-ie00002.png"/></svg:svg></span></span>) ppb, respectively, with a linear correlation factor of <span class="inline-formula"><i>R</i><sup>2</sup>=0.99</span>. Another intercomparison conducted between the system and the CL analyser for NO detection also showed a good agreement within their uncertainties, with an absolute shift of (<span class="inline-formula">0.352±0.013</span>) ppb, a slope of <span class="inline-formula">0.957±0.007</span> and a correlation coefficient of <span class="inline-formula"><i>R</i><sup>2</sup>=0.99</span>. The system was deployed on the measurements of on-road vehicle emission plumes in Hefei, and the different emission characteristics were observed in the different areas of the city. The successful deployment of the system has demonstrated that the instrument can provide a new method for retrieving fast variations in NO and <span class="inline-formula">NO<sub>2</sub></span> plumes.</p>https://www.atmos-meas-tech.net/12/3223/2019/amt-12-3223-2019.pdf |
| spellingShingle | Z. Li Z. Li R. Hu P. Xie P. Xie P. Xie H. Chen X. Liu S. Liang S. Liang D. Wang F. Wang Y. Wang Y. Wang C. Lin J. Liu J. Liu J. Liu W. Liu W. Liu W. Liu Simultaneous measurement of NO and NO<sub>2</sub> by a dual-channel cavity ring-down spectroscopy technique Atmospheric Measurement Techniques |
| title | Simultaneous measurement of NO and NO<sub>2</sub> by a dual-channel cavity ring-down spectroscopy technique |
| title_full | Simultaneous measurement of NO and NO<sub>2</sub> by a dual-channel cavity ring-down spectroscopy technique |
| title_fullStr | Simultaneous measurement of NO and NO<sub>2</sub> by a dual-channel cavity ring-down spectroscopy technique |
| title_full_unstemmed | Simultaneous measurement of NO and NO<sub>2</sub> by a dual-channel cavity ring-down spectroscopy technique |
| title_short | Simultaneous measurement of NO and NO<sub>2</sub> by a dual-channel cavity ring-down spectroscopy technique |
| title_sort | simultaneous measurement of no and no sub 2 sub by a dual channel cavity ring down spectroscopy technique |
| url | https://www.atmos-meas-tech.net/12/3223/2019/amt-12-3223-2019.pdf |
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