Hydrothermal Synthesis of Siderite and Application as Catalyst in the Electro-Fenton Oxidation of <i>p</i>-Benzoquinone
A weak aspect of the electro-Fenton (EF) oxidation of contaminants is the dependence of the Fenton reaction on acidic pH values. Therefore, the rationale of this work was to develop a novel catalyst capable of promoting the EF oxidation process at near-neutral and basic pH values. In this framework,...
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| author | Özkan Görmez Barış Saçlı Uğur Çağlayan Dimitrios Kalderis Belgin Gözmen |
| author_facet | Özkan Görmez Barış Saçlı Uğur Çağlayan Dimitrios Kalderis Belgin Gözmen |
| author_sort | Özkan Görmez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A weak aspect of the electro-Fenton (EF) oxidation of contaminants is the dependence of the Fenton reaction on acidic pH values. Therefore, the rationale of this work was to develop a novel catalyst capable of promoting the EF oxidation process at near-neutral and basic pH values. In this framework, rhombohedral FeCO<sub>3</sub> was synthesized hydrothermally and used as a catalyst in the EF oxidation of <i>p</i>-benzoquinone (BQ). The catalyst was characterized using various surface and spectroscopic methods. Moreover, the effects of applied current (100–500 mA), time (1–9 h), catalyst dosage (0.25–1.00 g L<sup>−1</sup>), and initial concentration of BQ (0.50–1.00 mM) on the total organic carbon removal efficiency were determined. The results indicated that a 400 mA current was sufficient for a 95% total organic carbon removal and that the increase in catalyst dosage had a positive effect on the mineralization of BQ. It was determined that at pH 3, FeCO<sub>3</sub> behaved like a homogeneous catalyst by releasing Fe<sup>3+</sup> ions; whereas, at the pH range of 5–7, it shifted to a homogeneous/heterogeneous catalyst. At pH 9, it worked solely as a heterogeneous catalyst due to the decrease of Fe ions passing into the solution. Finally, the spent catalyst did not undergo structural deformations after the EF treatment at higher pH values and could be regenerated and used several times |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:06:50Z |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:06:50Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
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| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-4ea27dd8727344d6915eecff52ef58502023-11-24T09:25:44ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492022-11-012722805610.3390/molecules27228056Hydrothermal Synthesis of Siderite and Application as Catalyst in the Electro-Fenton Oxidation of <i>p</i>-BenzoquinoneÖzkan Görmez0Barış Saçlı1Uğur Çağlayan2Dimitrios Kalderis3Belgin Gözmen4Department of Chemistry, Arts and Science Faculty, Mersin University, 33343 Mersin, TurkeyCentral Research Laboratory of Çukurova University (CUMERLAB), Çukurova University, 01330 Adana, TurkeyDepartment of Chemistry, Arts and Science Faculty, Mersin University, 33343 Mersin, TurkeyDepartment of Electronic Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 73133 Chania, GreeceDepartment of Chemistry, Arts and Science Faculty, Mersin University, 33343 Mersin, TurkeyA weak aspect of the electro-Fenton (EF) oxidation of contaminants is the dependence of the Fenton reaction on acidic pH values. Therefore, the rationale of this work was to develop a novel catalyst capable of promoting the EF oxidation process at near-neutral and basic pH values. In this framework, rhombohedral FeCO<sub>3</sub> was synthesized hydrothermally and used as a catalyst in the EF oxidation of <i>p</i>-benzoquinone (BQ). The catalyst was characterized using various surface and spectroscopic methods. Moreover, the effects of applied current (100–500 mA), time (1–9 h), catalyst dosage (0.25–1.00 g L<sup>−1</sup>), and initial concentration of BQ (0.50–1.00 mM) on the total organic carbon removal efficiency were determined. The results indicated that a 400 mA current was sufficient for a 95% total organic carbon removal and that the increase in catalyst dosage had a positive effect on the mineralization of BQ. It was determined that at pH 3, FeCO<sub>3</sub> behaved like a homogeneous catalyst by releasing Fe<sup>3+</sup> ions; whereas, at the pH range of 5–7, it shifted to a homogeneous/heterogeneous catalyst. At pH 9, it worked solely as a heterogeneous catalyst due to the decrease of Fe ions passing into the solution. Finally, the spent catalyst did not undergo structural deformations after the EF treatment at higher pH values and could be regenerated and used several timeshttps://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/22/8056electro-Fentonsideriteferrous carbonatebenzoquinonewastewater treatment |
| spellingShingle | Özkan Görmez Barış Saçlı Uğur Çağlayan Dimitrios Kalderis Belgin Gözmen Hydrothermal Synthesis of Siderite and Application as Catalyst in the Electro-Fenton Oxidation of <i>p</i>-Benzoquinone Molecules electro-Fenton siderite ferrous carbonate benzoquinone wastewater treatment |
| title | Hydrothermal Synthesis of Siderite and Application as Catalyst in the Electro-Fenton Oxidation of <i>p</i>-Benzoquinone |
| title_full | Hydrothermal Synthesis of Siderite and Application as Catalyst in the Electro-Fenton Oxidation of <i>p</i>-Benzoquinone |
| title_fullStr | Hydrothermal Synthesis of Siderite and Application as Catalyst in the Electro-Fenton Oxidation of <i>p</i>-Benzoquinone |
| title_full_unstemmed | Hydrothermal Synthesis of Siderite and Application as Catalyst in the Electro-Fenton Oxidation of <i>p</i>-Benzoquinone |
| title_short | Hydrothermal Synthesis of Siderite and Application as Catalyst in the Electro-Fenton Oxidation of <i>p</i>-Benzoquinone |
| title_sort | hydrothermal synthesis of siderite and application as catalyst in the electro fenton oxidation of i p i benzoquinone |
| topic | electro-Fenton siderite ferrous carbonate benzoquinone wastewater treatment |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/22/8056 |
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