Food-Evoked Emotions and Optimal Portion Sizes of Meat and Vegetables for Men and Women across Five Familiar Dutch Meals: An Online Study
Portion size manipulation is well known to be effective in increasing vegetable intake in adults, whereas less is known about the effects of portion size manipulation on reducing meat intake. This online study investigated the effects of recommended and regularly consumed portion sizes of vegetables...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Foods |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/6/1259 |
| _version_ | 1797611730177622016 |
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| author | Maria Isabel Salazar Cobo Gerry Jager Cees de Graaf Elizabeth H. Zandstra |
| author_facet | Maria Isabel Salazar Cobo Gerry Jager Cees de Graaf Elizabeth H. Zandstra |
| author_sort | Maria Isabel Salazar Cobo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Portion size manipulation is well known to be effective in increasing vegetable intake in adults, whereas less is known about the effects of portion size manipulation on reducing meat intake. This online study investigated the effects of recommended and regularly consumed portion sizes of vegetables and meat in five familiar Dutch meals. Participants evaluated 60 food pictures of five meals and used a 100 mm VAS to measure expected liking, satiety, food-evoked emotions, and the perceived normal portion size. The results show that both regular and recommended portions scored above 55 on the 100 mm VAS on expected liking and satiety. Similarly, both portion sizes scored high (55–70 on the 100 mm VAS) in positive emotions (i.e., happy, relaxed, and satisfied). Regarding the perceived amount of meat, men consistently preferred larger portions of meat than women. However, the optimal portion sizes of vegetables were similar for men and women. Furthermore, the recommended portion sizes led to positive food-evoked emotions, implying that the effective implementation of portion size strategies for increasing vegetable and limiting meat intake requires a careful, holistic approach focusing on the sensory characteristics of food products as well as the emotions evoked by the total food experience. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:31:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4ea5f5bfef944781a44c5c3566aa9b28 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2304-8158 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:31:54Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj.art-4ea5f5bfef944781a44c5c3566aa9b282023-11-17T11:06:55ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582023-03-01126125910.3390/foods12061259Food-Evoked Emotions and Optimal Portion Sizes of Meat and Vegetables for Men and Women across Five Familiar Dutch Meals: An Online StudyMaria Isabel Salazar Cobo0Gerry Jager1Cees de Graaf2Elizabeth H. Zandstra3Division of Human Nutrition & Health, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WE Wageningen, The NetherlandsDivision of Human Nutrition & Health, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WE Wageningen, The NetherlandsDivision of Human Nutrition & Health, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WE Wageningen, The NetherlandsDivision of Human Nutrition & Health, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WE Wageningen, The NetherlandsPortion size manipulation is well known to be effective in increasing vegetable intake in adults, whereas less is known about the effects of portion size manipulation on reducing meat intake. This online study investigated the effects of recommended and regularly consumed portion sizes of vegetables and meat in five familiar Dutch meals. Participants evaluated 60 food pictures of five meals and used a 100 mm VAS to measure expected liking, satiety, food-evoked emotions, and the perceived normal portion size. The results show that both regular and recommended portions scored above 55 on the 100 mm VAS on expected liking and satiety. Similarly, both portion sizes scored high (55–70 on the 100 mm VAS) in positive emotions (i.e., happy, relaxed, and satisfied). Regarding the perceived amount of meat, men consistently preferred larger portions of meat than women. However, the optimal portion sizes of vegetables were similar for men and women. Furthermore, the recommended portion sizes led to positive food-evoked emotions, implying that the effective implementation of portion size strategies for increasing vegetable and limiting meat intake requires a careful, holistic approach focusing on the sensory characteristics of food products as well as the emotions evoked by the total food experience.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/6/1259portion sizefood-evoked emotionsexpected likingexpected satietymeatvegetables |
| spellingShingle | Maria Isabel Salazar Cobo Gerry Jager Cees de Graaf Elizabeth H. Zandstra Food-Evoked Emotions and Optimal Portion Sizes of Meat and Vegetables for Men and Women across Five Familiar Dutch Meals: An Online Study Foods portion size food-evoked emotions expected liking expected satiety meat vegetables |
| title | Food-Evoked Emotions and Optimal Portion Sizes of Meat and Vegetables for Men and Women across Five Familiar Dutch Meals: An Online Study |
| title_full | Food-Evoked Emotions and Optimal Portion Sizes of Meat and Vegetables for Men and Women across Five Familiar Dutch Meals: An Online Study |
| title_fullStr | Food-Evoked Emotions and Optimal Portion Sizes of Meat and Vegetables for Men and Women across Five Familiar Dutch Meals: An Online Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Food-Evoked Emotions and Optimal Portion Sizes of Meat and Vegetables for Men and Women across Five Familiar Dutch Meals: An Online Study |
| title_short | Food-Evoked Emotions and Optimal Portion Sizes of Meat and Vegetables for Men and Women across Five Familiar Dutch Meals: An Online Study |
| title_sort | food evoked emotions and optimal portion sizes of meat and vegetables for men and women across five familiar dutch meals an online study |
| topic | portion size food-evoked emotions expected liking expected satiety meat vegetables |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/6/1259 |
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