Are there links between Alzheimer’s disease and ADHD? The efficacy of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and NMDA receptor antagonists in controlling ADHD symptoms: a systematic review
Abstract Background To assess the effectiveness, safety, and tolerability of anti-Alzheimer agents (memantine, galantamine, rivastigmine, and donepezil) in controlling ADHD symptoms in children, adolescents, and adults. Methods Following the PRISMA guideline, clinical trials assessing the potency of...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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SpringerOpen
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Middle East Current Psychiatry |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s43045-024-00405-w |
| _version_ | 1797276054903062528 |
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| author | Ramin Abdi Dezfouli Sara Akbariforoud Ensieh Esmaeilidezfouli |
| author_facet | Ramin Abdi Dezfouli Sara Akbariforoud Ensieh Esmaeilidezfouli |
| author_sort | Ramin Abdi Dezfouli |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background To assess the effectiveness, safety, and tolerability of anti-Alzheimer agents (memantine, galantamine, rivastigmine, and donepezil) in controlling ADHD symptoms in children, adolescents, and adults. Methods Following the PRISMA guideline, clinical trials assessing the potency of anti-Alzheimer medications in managing ADHD symptoms were imported from PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus (until February 2023). Screening stages were conducted by two independent researchers. Two independent researchers also extracted data from clinical trials reporting the outcomes as the reduction in scores of ADHD questionnaires. The risk of bias within the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration tool, while the certainty of outcomes was evaluated based on the GRADE criteria. Results Of the initial 1597 studies, 11 studies were included. No studies were available for rivastigmine, and only a single study was conducted for galantamine. The results of the other two medications had a slight inconsistency. While both memantine and donepezil were reported to be effective in several studies, they were reported to be ineffective in some other studies. Side effects were mostly reduced appetite and headache. The tolerability of memantine, donepezil, and galantamine was all convincing. Conclusions While galantamine did not demonstrate a promising efficacy in ADHD, memantine and donepezil showed effectiveness. However, future studies are needed to confirm their efficacy in ADHD since there was some inconsistency. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T15:22:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4eb273581c2344d1bbaa5586c89416ec |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2090-5416 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T15:22:50Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | SpringerOpen |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Middle East Current Psychiatry |
| spelling | doaj.art-4eb273581c2344d1bbaa5586c89416ec2024-03-05T17:33:11ZengSpringerOpenMiddle East Current Psychiatry2090-54162024-02-0131111710.1186/s43045-024-00405-wAre there links between Alzheimer’s disease and ADHD? The efficacy of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and NMDA receptor antagonists in controlling ADHD symptoms: a systematic reviewRamin Abdi Dezfouli0Sara Akbariforoud1Ensieh Esmaeilidezfouli2Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tehran Islamic Azad University of Medical SciencesStudent Research Center, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad UniversityAbstract Background To assess the effectiveness, safety, and tolerability of anti-Alzheimer agents (memantine, galantamine, rivastigmine, and donepezil) in controlling ADHD symptoms in children, adolescents, and adults. Methods Following the PRISMA guideline, clinical trials assessing the potency of anti-Alzheimer medications in managing ADHD symptoms were imported from PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus (until February 2023). Screening stages were conducted by two independent researchers. Two independent researchers also extracted data from clinical trials reporting the outcomes as the reduction in scores of ADHD questionnaires. The risk of bias within the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration tool, while the certainty of outcomes was evaluated based on the GRADE criteria. Results Of the initial 1597 studies, 11 studies were included. No studies were available for rivastigmine, and only a single study was conducted for galantamine. The results of the other two medications had a slight inconsistency. While both memantine and donepezil were reported to be effective in several studies, they were reported to be ineffective in some other studies. Side effects were mostly reduced appetite and headache. The tolerability of memantine, donepezil, and galantamine was all convincing. Conclusions While galantamine did not demonstrate a promising efficacy in ADHD, memantine and donepezil showed effectiveness. However, future studies are needed to confirm their efficacy in ADHD since there was some inconsistency.https://doi.org/10.1186/s43045-024-00405-wADHDAlzheimer’sDonepezilGalantamineMemantineRivastigmine |
| spellingShingle | Ramin Abdi Dezfouli Sara Akbariforoud Ensieh Esmaeilidezfouli Are there links between Alzheimer’s disease and ADHD? The efficacy of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and NMDA receptor antagonists in controlling ADHD symptoms: a systematic review Middle East Current Psychiatry ADHD Alzheimer’s Donepezil Galantamine Memantine Rivastigmine |
| title | Are there links between Alzheimer’s disease and ADHD? The efficacy of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and NMDA receptor antagonists in controlling ADHD symptoms: a systematic review |
| title_full | Are there links between Alzheimer’s disease and ADHD? The efficacy of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and NMDA receptor antagonists in controlling ADHD symptoms: a systematic review |
| title_fullStr | Are there links between Alzheimer’s disease and ADHD? The efficacy of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and NMDA receptor antagonists in controlling ADHD symptoms: a systematic review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Are there links between Alzheimer’s disease and ADHD? The efficacy of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and NMDA receptor antagonists in controlling ADHD symptoms: a systematic review |
| title_short | Are there links between Alzheimer’s disease and ADHD? The efficacy of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and NMDA receptor antagonists in controlling ADHD symptoms: a systematic review |
| title_sort | are there links between alzheimer s disease and adhd the efficacy of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and nmda receptor antagonists in controlling adhd symptoms a systematic review |
| topic | ADHD Alzheimer’s Donepezil Galantamine Memantine Rivastigmine |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s43045-024-00405-w |
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