Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Ovarian Axis Disorders Impacting Female Fertility
The hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis is a tightly regulated system controlling female reproduction. HPO axis dysfunction leading to ovulation disorders can be classified into three categories defined by the World Health Organization (WHO). Group I ovulation disorders involve hypothalamic fa...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2019-01-01
|
| Series: | Biomedicines |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/7/1/5 |
| _version_ | 1818032224196362240 |
|---|---|
| author | Sasha Mikhael Advaita Punjala-Patel Larisa Gavrilova-Jordan |
| author_facet | Sasha Mikhael Advaita Punjala-Patel Larisa Gavrilova-Jordan |
| author_sort | Sasha Mikhael |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis is a tightly regulated system controlling female reproduction. HPO axis dysfunction leading to ovulation disorders can be classified into three categories defined by the World Health Organization (WHO). Group I ovulation disorders involve hypothalamic failure characterized as hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Group II disorders display a eugonadal state commonly associated with a wide range of endocrinopathies. Finally, group III constitutes hypergonadotropic hypogonadism secondary to depleted ovarian function. Optimal evaluation and management of these disorders is based on a careful analysis tailored to each patient. This article reviews ovulation disorders based on pathophysiologic mechanisms, evaluation principles, and currently available management options. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T06:03:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4eb9a658429142b4b6ad9faa707a90d4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9059 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T06:03:58Z |
| publishDate | 2019-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomedicines |
| spelling | doaj.art-4eb9a658429142b4b6ad9faa707a90d42022-12-22T01:59:45ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592019-01-0171510.3390/biomedicines7010005biomedicines7010005Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Ovarian Axis Disorders Impacting Female FertilitySasha Mikhael0Advaita Punjala-Patel1Larisa Gavrilova-Jordan2Division of Reproductive Endocrinology Infertility and Genetics, Augusta University, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USADepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Augusta University, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USADivision of Reproductive Endocrinology Infertility and Genetics, Augusta University, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USAThe hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis is a tightly regulated system controlling female reproduction. HPO axis dysfunction leading to ovulation disorders can be classified into three categories defined by the World Health Organization (WHO). Group I ovulation disorders involve hypothalamic failure characterized as hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Group II disorders display a eugonadal state commonly associated with a wide range of endocrinopathies. Finally, group III constitutes hypergonadotropic hypogonadism secondary to depleted ovarian function. Optimal evaluation and management of these disorders is based on a careful analysis tailored to each patient. This article reviews ovulation disorders based on pathophysiologic mechanisms, evaluation principles, and currently available management options.http://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/7/1/5ovulatory dysfunctioninfertilityhypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axisWHO ovulation disordersprimary ovarian insufficiency |
| spellingShingle | Sasha Mikhael Advaita Punjala-Patel Larisa Gavrilova-Jordan Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Ovarian Axis Disorders Impacting Female Fertility Biomedicines ovulatory dysfunction infertility hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis WHO ovulation disorders primary ovarian insufficiency |
| title | Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Ovarian Axis Disorders Impacting Female Fertility |
| title_full | Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Ovarian Axis Disorders Impacting Female Fertility |
| title_fullStr | Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Ovarian Axis Disorders Impacting Female Fertility |
| title_full_unstemmed | Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Ovarian Axis Disorders Impacting Female Fertility |
| title_short | Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Ovarian Axis Disorders Impacting Female Fertility |
| title_sort | hypothalamic pituitary ovarian axis disorders impacting female fertility |
| topic | ovulatory dysfunction infertility hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis WHO ovulation disorders primary ovarian insufficiency |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/7/1/5 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT sashamikhael hypothalamicpituitaryovarianaxisdisordersimpactingfemalefertility AT advaitapunjalapatel hypothalamicpituitaryovarianaxisdisordersimpactingfemalefertility AT larisagavrilovajordan hypothalamicpituitaryovarianaxisdisordersimpactingfemalefertility |