Retrospective study to identify trigeminal–cervical ocular referred pain as a new causative entity of ocular pain
Scheffer CG Tseng,1 Anny MS Cheng,1,2 Yao Fu3 1Ocular Surface Center, 2Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; 3Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Medical School of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People’s...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Dove Medical Press
2017-07-01
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| Series: | Journal of Pain Research |
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| Online Access: | https://www.dovepress.com/retrospective-study-to-identify-trigeminal-cervical-ocular-referred-pa-peer-reviewed-article-JPR |
| _version_ | 1817994737517330432 |
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| author | Tseng SC Cheng AM Fu Y |
| author_facet | Tseng SC Cheng AM Fu Y |
| author_sort | Tseng SC |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Scheffer CG Tseng,1 Anny MS Cheng,1,2 Yao Fu3 1Ocular Surface Center, 2Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; 3Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Medical School of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China Purpose: To determine the prevalence and clinical characteristics of trigeminal–cervical (TC) ocular referred pain.Methods: A retrospective study of 1,680 patients seen during 2002–2010 was performed in an ocular surface specialty center to identify patients with or without TC pain defined as ocular pain with ipsilateral trigger points located at the occipital region. Patients with refractory TC pain despite topical anesthetics and conventional treatments received interventional injection to each trigger point.Results: A total of 81 (4.8%) patients (study group) with TC pain and 241 patients (control group) without TC pain were identified out of the 1,680 patients over an 8 year period. There was no difference in age, gender, prior surgeries, medications, non-pain symptoms, pain laterality, and concomitant ocular diseases between the 2 groups. Multivariate regression analysis showed that patients with TC pain had a significant correlation with persistent deep ocular pain, ipsilateral trigger points (f2=99, p<0.001) but not headaches (f2=0.09, p=0.5). Injection at the trigger points achieved complete or partial pain resolution with a low recurrence rate in 43 of 45 (96%) patients with TC pain.Conclusion: TC pain defined herein may be a different entity of ocular pain and can indeed be differentiated from other ocular pain by the referral character so that one may avoid mislabeling it as undetermined or as a reason to unnecessarily overtreat concomitant ocular diseases. Keywords: headache, new ocular pain, referred pain, trigeminal–cervical, trigger point, occipital neuralgia |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-14T01:56:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4eba3b9d1b8a4ac0a28bf8636a4040b5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1178-7090 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-14T01:56:13Z |
| publishDate | 2017-07-01 |
| publisher | Dove Medical Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Pain Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-4eba3b9d1b8a4ac0a28bf8636a4040b52022-12-22T02:19:01ZengDove Medical PressJournal of Pain Research1178-70902017-07-01Volume 101747175433931Retrospective study to identify trigeminal–cervical ocular referred pain as a new causative entity of ocular painTseng SCCheng AMFu YScheffer CG Tseng,1 Anny MS Cheng,1,2 Yao Fu3 1Ocular Surface Center, 2Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; 3Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Medical School of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China Purpose: To determine the prevalence and clinical characteristics of trigeminal–cervical (TC) ocular referred pain.Methods: A retrospective study of 1,680 patients seen during 2002–2010 was performed in an ocular surface specialty center to identify patients with or without TC pain defined as ocular pain with ipsilateral trigger points located at the occipital region. Patients with refractory TC pain despite topical anesthetics and conventional treatments received interventional injection to each trigger point.Results: A total of 81 (4.8%) patients (study group) with TC pain and 241 patients (control group) without TC pain were identified out of the 1,680 patients over an 8 year period. There was no difference in age, gender, prior surgeries, medications, non-pain symptoms, pain laterality, and concomitant ocular diseases between the 2 groups. Multivariate regression analysis showed that patients with TC pain had a significant correlation with persistent deep ocular pain, ipsilateral trigger points (f2=99, p<0.001) but not headaches (f2=0.09, p=0.5). Injection at the trigger points achieved complete or partial pain resolution with a low recurrence rate in 43 of 45 (96%) patients with TC pain.Conclusion: TC pain defined herein may be a different entity of ocular pain and can indeed be differentiated from other ocular pain by the referral character so that one may avoid mislabeling it as undetermined or as a reason to unnecessarily overtreat concomitant ocular diseases. Keywords: headache, new ocular pain, referred pain, trigeminal–cervical, trigger point, occipital neuralgiahttps://www.dovepress.com/retrospective-study-to-identify-trigeminal-cervical-ocular-referred-pa-peer-reviewed-article-JPRHeadacheOcular painReferred painTrigeminal-CervicalTrigger point |
| spellingShingle | Tseng SC Cheng AM Fu Y Retrospective study to identify trigeminal–cervical ocular referred pain as a new causative entity of ocular pain Journal of Pain Research Headache Ocular pain Referred pain Trigeminal-Cervical Trigger point |
| title | Retrospective study to identify trigeminal–cervical ocular referred pain as a new causative entity of ocular pain |
| title_full | Retrospective study to identify trigeminal–cervical ocular referred pain as a new causative entity of ocular pain |
| title_fullStr | Retrospective study to identify trigeminal–cervical ocular referred pain as a new causative entity of ocular pain |
| title_full_unstemmed | Retrospective study to identify trigeminal–cervical ocular referred pain as a new causative entity of ocular pain |
| title_short | Retrospective study to identify trigeminal–cervical ocular referred pain as a new causative entity of ocular pain |
| title_sort | retrospective study to identify trigeminal ndash cervical ocular referred pain as a new causative entity of ocular pain |
| topic | Headache Ocular pain Referred pain Trigeminal-Cervical Trigger point |
| url | https://www.dovepress.com/retrospective-study-to-identify-trigeminal-cervical-ocular-referred-pa-peer-reviewed-article-JPR |
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