Anti-Cariogenic Effects of <i>S. cerevisiae</i> and <i>S. boulardii</i> in <i>S. mutans–C. albicans</i> Cross-Kingdom In Vitro Models
Despite the well-documented health benefits of the probiotic <i>Saccharomyces</i>, its application in oral health has not been comprehensively assessed. Dental caries is a transmissible disease initiated by acid production of cariogenic bacteria and yeast, such as <i>Streptococcus...
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MDPI AG
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Pharmaceutics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/16/2/215 |
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| author | Dina Yousif Yan Wu Alexandria Azul Gonzales Christa Mathieu Yan Zeng Lee Sample Sabrina Terando Ting Li Jin Xiao |
| author_facet | Dina Yousif Yan Wu Alexandria Azul Gonzales Christa Mathieu Yan Zeng Lee Sample Sabrina Terando Ting Li Jin Xiao |
| author_sort | Dina Yousif |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Despite the well-documented health benefits of the probiotic <i>Saccharomyces</i>, its application in oral health has not been comprehensively assessed. Dental caries is a transmissible disease initiated by acid production of cariogenic bacteria and yeast, such as <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> and <i>Candida albicans</i>, on tooth enamel and followed by subsequent enamel demineralization. Here, we investigated the effect of two <i>Saccharomyces</i> strains (<i>Saccharomyces boulardii</i> and <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>) on <i>S. mutans</i>–<i>C. albicans</i> cross-kingdom interactions using a cariogenic planktonic model. Viable cells, pH changes, and gene expression were measured. <i>S. cerevisiae</i> and <i>S. boulardii</i> inhibited the growth of <i>C. albicans</i> in dual- and multi-species conditions at 4, 6, and 20 h. <i>Saccharomyces</i> also inhibited <i>C. albicans</i> hyphal formation. Furthermore, <i>Saccharomyces</i> reduced the acidity of the culture medium, which usually plummeted below pH 5 when <i>S. mutans</i> and <i>C. albicans</i> were present in the model. The presence of <i>Saccharomyces</i> maintained the culture medium above 6 even after overnight incubation, demonstrating a protective potential against dental enamel demineralization. <i>S. boulardii</i> significantly down-regulated <i>S. mutans atpD</i> and <i>eno</i> gene expression. Overall, our results shed light on a new promising candidate, <i>Saccharomyces</i>, for dental caries prevention due to its potential to create a less cariogenic environment marked by a neutral pH and reduced growth of <i>C. albicans</i>. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:17:48Z |
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| issn | 1999-4923 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:17:48Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmaceutics |
| spelling | doaj.art-4ebc544153164ae9a693e0a6c88c272f2024-02-23T15:31:07ZengMDPI AGPharmaceutics1999-49232024-02-0116221510.3390/pharmaceutics16020215Anti-Cariogenic Effects of <i>S. cerevisiae</i> and <i>S. boulardii</i> in <i>S. mutans–C. albicans</i> Cross-Kingdom In Vitro ModelsDina Yousif0Yan Wu1Alexandria Azul Gonzales2Christa Mathieu3Yan Zeng4Lee Sample5Sabrina Terando6Ting Li7Jin Xiao8Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USAEastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USADepartment of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USAVCU College of Health Professions, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USAEastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USAEastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USASchool of Arts & Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USAEastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USAEastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USADespite the well-documented health benefits of the probiotic <i>Saccharomyces</i>, its application in oral health has not been comprehensively assessed. Dental caries is a transmissible disease initiated by acid production of cariogenic bacteria and yeast, such as <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> and <i>Candida albicans</i>, on tooth enamel and followed by subsequent enamel demineralization. Here, we investigated the effect of two <i>Saccharomyces</i> strains (<i>Saccharomyces boulardii</i> and <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>) on <i>S. mutans</i>–<i>C. albicans</i> cross-kingdom interactions using a cariogenic planktonic model. Viable cells, pH changes, and gene expression were measured. <i>S. cerevisiae</i> and <i>S. boulardii</i> inhibited the growth of <i>C. albicans</i> in dual- and multi-species conditions at 4, 6, and 20 h. <i>Saccharomyces</i> also inhibited <i>C. albicans</i> hyphal formation. Furthermore, <i>Saccharomyces</i> reduced the acidity of the culture medium, which usually plummeted below pH 5 when <i>S. mutans</i> and <i>C. albicans</i> were present in the model. The presence of <i>Saccharomyces</i> maintained the culture medium above 6 even after overnight incubation, demonstrating a protective potential against dental enamel demineralization. <i>S. boulardii</i> significantly down-regulated <i>S. mutans atpD</i> and <i>eno</i> gene expression. Overall, our results shed light on a new promising candidate, <i>Saccharomyces</i>, for dental caries prevention due to its potential to create a less cariogenic environment marked by a neutral pH and reduced growth of <i>C. albicans</i>.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/16/2/215<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i><i>Saccharomyces boulardii</i><i>Candida albicans</i>cross-kingdom interactionpHdental caries |
| spellingShingle | Dina Yousif Yan Wu Alexandria Azul Gonzales Christa Mathieu Yan Zeng Lee Sample Sabrina Terando Ting Li Jin Xiao Anti-Cariogenic Effects of <i>S. cerevisiae</i> and <i>S. boulardii</i> in <i>S. mutans–C. albicans</i> Cross-Kingdom In Vitro Models Pharmaceutics <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> <i>Saccharomyces boulardii</i> <i>Candida albicans</i> cross-kingdom interaction pH dental caries |
| title | Anti-Cariogenic Effects of <i>S. cerevisiae</i> and <i>S. boulardii</i> in <i>S. mutans–C. albicans</i> Cross-Kingdom In Vitro Models |
| title_full | Anti-Cariogenic Effects of <i>S. cerevisiae</i> and <i>S. boulardii</i> in <i>S. mutans–C. albicans</i> Cross-Kingdom In Vitro Models |
| title_fullStr | Anti-Cariogenic Effects of <i>S. cerevisiae</i> and <i>S. boulardii</i> in <i>S. mutans–C. albicans</i> Cross-Kingdom In Vitro Models |
| title_full_unstemmed | Anti-Cariogenic Effects of <i>S. cerevisiae</i> and <i>S. boulardii</i> in <i>S. mutans–C. albicans</i> Cross-Kingdom In Vitro Models |
| title_short | Anti-Cariogenic Effects of <i>S. cerevisiae</i> and <i>S. boulardii</i> in <i>S. mutans–C. albicans</i> Cross-Kingdom In Vitro Models |
| title_sort | anti cariogenic effects of i s cerevisiae i and i s boulardii i in i s mutans c albicans i cross kingdom in vitro models |
| topic | <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> <i>Saccharomyces boulardii</i> <i>Candida albicans</i> cross-kingdom interaction pH dental caries |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/16/2/215 |
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