Fish Oil Enriched n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Improve Ketogenic Low-Carbohydrate/High-Fat Diet-Caused Dyslipidemia, Excessive Fat Accumulation, and Weight Control in Rats
Low-carbohydrate and high-fat diets have been used for body weight (BW) control, but their adverse effects on lipid profiles have raised concern. Fish oil (FO), rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, has profound effects on lipid metabolism. We hypothesized that FO supplementation might improv...
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MDPI AG
2022-04-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/9/1796 |
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| author | Shing-Hwa Liu Yu-Xuan Chen Huei-Ping Tzeng Meng-Tsan Chiang |
| author_facet | Shing-Hwa Liu Yu-Xuan Chen Huei-Ping Tzeng Meng-Tsan Chiang |
| author_sort | Shing-Hwa Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Low-carbohydrate and high-fat diets have been used for body weight (BW) control, but their adverse effects on lipid profiles have raised concern. Fish oil (FO), rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, has profound effects on lipid metabolism. We hypothesized that FO supplementation might improve the lipid metabolic disturbance elicited by low-carbohydrate and high-fat diets. Male SD rats were randomized into normal control diet (NC), high-fat diet (HF), and low-carbohydrate/high-fat diet (LC) groups in experiment 1, and NC, LC, LC + 5% FO (5CF), and LC + 10% FO diet (10CF) groups in experiment 2. The experimental duration was 11 weeks. In the LC group, a ketotic state was induced, and food intake was decreased; however, it did not result in BW loss compared to either the HF or NC groups. In the 5CF group, rats lost significant BW. Dyslipidemia, perirenal and epididymal fat accumulation, hepatic steatosis, and increases in triglyceride and plasma leptin levels were observed in the LC group but were attenuated by FO supplementation. These findings suggest that a ketogenic low-carbohydrate/high-fat diet with no favorable effect on body weight causes visceral and liver lipid accumulation. FO supplementation not only aids in body weight control but also improves lipid metabolism in low-carbohydrate/high-fat diet-fed rats. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:50:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4ec1b8a10ac6410ab6a9d64aae6c7631 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:50:41Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
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| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-4ec1b8a10ac6410ab6a9d64aae6c76312023-11-23T08:58:33ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432022-04-01149179610.3390/nu14091796Fish Oil Enriched n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Improve Ketogenic Low-Carbohydrate/High-Fat Diet-Caused Dyslipidemia, Excessive Fat Accumulation, and Weight Control in RatsShing-Hwa Liu0Yu-Xuan Chen1Huei-Ping Tzeng2Meng-Tsan Chiang3Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, TaiwanDepartment of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, TaiwanInstitute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, TaiwanDepartment of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, TaiwanLow-carbohydrate and high-fat diets have been used for body weight (BW) control, but their adverse effects on lipid profiles have raised concern. Fish oil (FO), rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, has profound effects on lipid metabolism. We hypothesized that FO supplementation might improve the lipid metabolic disturbance elicited by low-carbohydrate and high-fat diets. Male SD rats were randomized into normal control diet (NC), high-fat diet (HF), and low-carbohydrate/high-fat diet (LC) groups in experiment 1, and NC, LC, LC + 5% FO (5CF), and LC + 10% FO diet (10CF) groups in experiment 2. The experimental duration was 11 weeks. In the LC group, a ketotic state was induced, and food intake was decreased; however, it did not result in BW loss compared to either the HF or NC groups. In the 5CF group, rats lost significant BW. Dyslipidemia, perirenal and epididymal fat accumulation, hepatic steatosis, and increases in triglyceride and plasma leptin levels were observed in the LC group but were attenuated by FO supplementation. These findings suggest that a ketogenic low-carbohydrate/high-fat diet with no favorable effect on body weight causes visceral and liver lipid accumulation. FO supplementation not only aids in body weight control but also improves lipid metabolism in low-carbohydrate/high-fat diet-fed rats.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/9/1796low-carbohydrate/high-fat dietfish oilbody weight lossleptinlipid metabolism |
| spellingShingle | Shing-Hwa Liu Yu-Xuan Chen Huei-Ping Tzeng Meng-Tsan Chiang Fish Oil Enriched n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Improve Ketogenic Low-Carbohydrate/High-Fat Diet-Caused Dyslipidemia, Excessive Fat Accumulation, and Weight Control in Rats Nutrients low-carbohydrate/high-fat diet fish oil body weight loss leptin lipid metabolism |
| title | Fish Oil Enriched n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Improve Ketogenic Low-Carbohydrate/High-Fat Diet-Caused Dyslipidemia, Excessive Fat Accumulation, and Weight Control in Rats |
| title_full | Fish Oil Enriched n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Improve Ketogenic Low-Carbohydrate/High-Fat Diet-Caused Dyslipidemia, Excessive Fat Accumulation, and Weight Control in Rats |
| title_fullStr | Fish Oil Enriched n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Improve Ketogenic Low-Carbohydrate/High-Fat Diet-Caused Dyslipidemia, Excessive Fat Accumulation, and Weight Control in Rats |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fish Oil Enriched n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Improve Ketogenic Low-Carbohydrate/High-Fat Diet-Caused Dyslipidemia, Excessive Fat Accumulation, and Weight Control in Rats |
| title_short | Fish Oil Enriched n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Improve Ketogenic Low-Carbohydrate/High-Fat Diet-Caused Dyslipidemia, Excessive Fat Accumulation, and Weight Control in Rats |
| title_sort | fish oil enriched n 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids improve ketogenic low carbohydrate high fat diet caused dyslipidemia excessive fat accumulation and weight control in rats |
| topic | low-carbohydrate/high-fat diet fish oil body weight loss leptin lipid metabolism |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/9/1796 |
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