Catalytic Dehydration of Fructose to 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural in Aqueous Medium over Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>-Based Catalysts
The catalytic dehydration of fructose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in water was performed in the presence of pristine Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> and composites containing Nb and Ti, Ce or Zr oxides. In all experiments, fructose was converted to HMF using water as the sol...
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MDPI AG
2021-07-01
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| Series: | Nanomaterials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/11/7/1821 |
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| author | Elisa I. García-López Francesca Rita Pomilla Bartolomeo Megna Maria Luisa Testa Leonarda Francesca Liotta Giuseppe Marcì |
| author_facet | Elisa I. García-López Francesca Rita Pomilla Bartolomeo Megna Maria Luisa Testa Leonarda Francesca Liotta Giuseppe Marcì |
| author_sort | Elisa I. García-López |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The catalytic dehydration of fructose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in water was performed in the presence of pristine Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> and composites containing Nb and Ti, Ce or Zr oxides. In all experiments, fructose was converted to HMF using water as the solvent. The catalysts were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, N<sub>2</sub> physical adsorption, infrared and Raman spectroscopy and temperature-programmed desorption of NH<sub>3</sub>. Experimental parameters such as fructose initial concentration, volume of the reacting suspension, operation temperature, reaction time and amount of catalyst were tuned in order to optimize the catalytic reaction process. The highest selectivity to HMF was ca. 80% in the presence of 0.5 g·L<sup>−1</sup> of bare Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>, Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>-TiO<sub>2</sub> or Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>-CeO<sub>2</sub> with a maximum fructose conversion of ca. 70%. However, the best compromise between high conversion and high selectivity was reached by using 1 g·L<sup>−1</sup> of pristine Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>. Indeed, the best result was obtained in the presence of Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>, with a fructose conversion of 76% and a selectivity to HMF of 75%, corresponding to the highest HMF yield (57%). This result was obtained at a temperature of 165° in an autoclave after three hours of reaction by using 6 mL of 1 M fructose suspension with a catalyst amount equal to 1 g·L<sup>−1</sup>. |
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| id | doaj.art-4ec262726ff048b28d46fba6d6456519 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-4991 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:29:24Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nanomaterials |
| spelling | doaj.art-4ec262726ff048b28d46fba6d64565192023-11-22T04:34:24ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912021-07-01117182110.3390/nano11071821Catalytic Dehydration of Fructose to 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural in Aqueous Medium over Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>-Based CatalystsElisa I. García-López0Francesca Rita Pomilla1Bartolomeo Megna2Maria Luisa Testa3Leonarda Francesca Liotta4Giuseppe Marcì5Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy“Schiavello-Grillone” Photocatalysis Group, Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy“Schiavello-Grillone” Photocatalysis Group, Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, ItalyInstitute of Nanostructured Materials (ISMN)-CNR, Via Ugo La Malfa, 153, 90146 Palermo, ItalyInstitute of Nanostructured Materials (ISMN)-CNR, Via Ugo La Malfa, 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy“Schiavello-Grillone” Photocatalysis Group, Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, ItalyThe catalytic dehydration of fructose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in water was performed in the presence of pristine Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> and composites containing Nb and Ti, Ce or Zr oxides. In all experiments, fructose was converted to HMF using water as the solvent. The catalysts were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, N<sub>2</sub> physical adsorption, infrared and Raman spectroscopy and temperature-programmed desorption of NH<sub>3</sub>. Experimental parameters such as fructose initial concentration, volume of the reacting suspension, operation temperature, reaction time and amount of catalyst were tuned in order to optimize the catalytic reaction process. The highest selectivity to HMF was ca. 80% in the presence of 0.5 g·L<sup>−1</sup> of bare Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>, Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>-TiO<sub>2</sub> or Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>-CeO<sub>2</sub> with a maximum fructose conversion of ca. 70%. However, the best compromise between high conversion and high selectivity was reached by using 1 g·L<sup>−1</sup> of pristine Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>. Indeed, the best result was obtained in the presence of Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>, with a fructose conversion of 76% and a selectivity to HMF of 75%, corresponding to the highest HMF yield (57%). This result was obtained at a temperature of 165° in an autoclave after three hours of reaction by using 6 mL of 1 M fructose suspension with a catalyst amount equal to 1 g·L<sup>−1</sup>.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/11/7/1821biomass valorization5-HMFheterogeneous acid catalysisniobium oxidetitanium oxidegreen chemistry |
| spellingShingle | Elisa I. García-López Francesca Rita Pomilla Bartolomeo Megna Maria Luisa Testa Leonarda Francesca Liotta Giuseppe Marcì Catalytic Dehydration of Fructose to 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural in Aqueous Medium over Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>-Based Catalysts Nanomaterials biomass valorization 5-HMF heterogeneous acid catalysis niobium oxide titanium oxide green chemistry |
| title | Catalytic Dehydration of Fructose to 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural in Aqueous Medium over Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>-Based Catalysts |
| title_full | Catalytic Dehydration of Fructose to 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural in Aqueous Medium over Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>-Based Catalysts |
| title_fullStr | Catalytic Dehydration of Fructose to 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural in Aqueous Medium over Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>-Based Catalysts |
| title_full_unstemmed | Catalytic Dehydration of Fructose to 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural in Aqueous Medium over Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>-Based Catalysts |
| title_short | Catalytic Dehydration of Fructose to 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural in Aqueous Medium over Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>-Based Catalysts |
| title_sort | catalytic dehydration of fructose to 5 hydroxymethylfurfural in aqueous medium over nb sub 2 sub o sub 5 sub based catalysts |
| topic | biomass valorization 5-HMF heterogeneous acid catalysis niobium oxide titanium oxide green chemistry |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/11/7/1821 |
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