Investigation of Roles of <i>TaTALE</i> Genes during Development and Stress Response in Bread Wheat
The <i>three amino acid loop extension</i> (<i>TALE</i>) genes of the homeobox superfamily are responsible for numerous biological functions in plants. Herein, we identified a total of 72 <i>TaTALE</i> genes in the allohexaploid genome of bread wheat (<i>Tri...
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/5/587 |
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| author | Meenakshi Rathour Shumayla Anshu Alok Santosh Kumar Upadhyay |
| author_facet | Meenakshi Rathour Shumayla Anshu Alok Santosh Kumar Upadhyay |
| author_sort | Meenakshi Rathour |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The <i>three amino acid loop extension</i> (<i>TALE</i>) genes of the homeobox superfamily are responsible for numerous biological functions in plants. Herein, we identified a total of 72 <i>TaTALE</i> genes in the allohexaploid genome of bread wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) and performed a comprehensive investigation for gene and protein structural properties, phylogeny, expression patterns, and multilevel gene regulations. The identified TaTALE proteins were further classified into two groups, TaBLHs and TaKNOXs, which were tightly clustered into the phylogeny. The negative Ka/Ks ratio of duplicated genes suggested purifying selection pressure with confined functional divergence. Various signature domains and motifs were found conserved in both groups of proteins. The occurrence of diverse <i>cis</i>-regulatory elements and modulated expression during various developmental stages and in the presence of abiotic (heat, drought, salt) and two different fungal stresses suggested their roles in development and stress response, as well. The interaction of TaTALEs with the miRNAs and other development-related homeobox proteins also suggested their roles in growth and development and stress response. The present study revealed several important aspects of TaTALEs that will be useful in further functional validation of these genes in future studies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:26:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4ecb525c4005443582da998eb173e439 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:26:03Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-4ecb525c4005443582da998eb173e4392023-11-23T23:35:07ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472022-02-0111558710.3390/plants11050587Investigation of Roles of <i>TaTALE</i> Genes during Development and Stress Response in Bread WheatMeenakshi Rathour0Shumayla1Anshu Alok2Santosh Kumar Upadhyay3Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, IndiaDepartment of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, IndiaDepartment of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USADepartment of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, IndiaThe <i>three amino acid loop extension</i> (<i>TALE</i>) genes of the homeobox superfamily are responsible for numerous biological functions in plants. Herein, we identified a total of 72 <i>TaTALE</i> genes in the allohexaploid genome of bread wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) and performed a comprehensive investigation for gene and protein structural properties, phylogeny, expression patterns, and multilevel gene regulations. The identified TaTALE proteins were further classified into two groups, TaBLHs and TaKNOXs, which were tightly clustered into the phylogeny. The negative Ka/Ks ratio of duplicated genes suggested purifying selection pressure with confined functional divergence. Various signature domains and motifs were found conserved in both groups of proteins. The occurrence of diverse <i>cis</i>-regulatory elements and modulated expression during various developmental stages and in the presence of abiotic (heat, drought, salt) and two different fungal stresses suggested their roles in development and stress response, as well. The interaction of TaTALEs with the miRNAs and other development-related homeobox proteins also suggested their roles in growth and development and stress response. The present study revealed several important aspects of TaTALEs that will be useful in further functional validation of these genes in future studies.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/5/587abiotic stressbread wheatexpressionfunctional divergenceTaTALE |
| spellingShingle | Meenakshi Rathour Shumayla Anshu Alok Santosh Kumar Upadhyay Investigation of Roles of <i>TaTALE</i> Genes during Development and Stress Response in Bread Wheat Plants abiotic stress bread wheat expression functional divergence TaTALE |
| title | Investigation of Roles of <i>TaTALE</i> Genes during Development and Stress Response in Bread Wheat |
| title_full | Investigation of Roles of <i>TaTALE</i> Genes during Development and Stress Response in Bread Wheat |
| title_fullStr | Investigation of Roles of <i>TaTALE</i> Genes during Development and Stress Response in Bread Wheat |
| title_full_unstemmed | Investigation of Roles of <i>TaTALE</i> Genes during Development and Stress Response in Bread Wheat |
| title_short | Investigation of Roles of <i>TaTALE</i> Genes during Development and Stress Response in Bread Wheat |
| title_sort | investigation of roles of i tatale i genes during development and stress response in bread wheat |
| topic | abiotic stress bread wheat expression functional divergence TaTALE |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/5/587 |
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