Temporal dynamics of Plasmodium falciparum population in Metehara, east-central Ethiopia
Abstract Background Plasmodium falciparum is the most serious, genetically most complex and fastest-evolving malaria parasite. Information on genetic diversity of this parasite would guide policy decision and malaria elimination endeavors. This study explored the temporal dynamics of P. falciparum p...
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| Format: | Article |
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BMC
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Malaria Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-022-04277-5 |
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| author | Abeba Gebretsadik Reda Alebachew Messele Hussein Mohammed Ashenafi Assefa Lemu Golassa Hassen Mamo |
| author_facet | Abeba Gebretsadik Reda Alebachew Messele Hussein Mohammed Ashenafi Assefa Lemu Golassa Hassen Mamo |
| author_sort | Abeba Gebretsadik Reda |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Plasmodium falciparum is the most serious, genetically most complex and fastest-evolving malaria parasite. Information on genetic diversity of this parasite would guide policy decision and malaria elimination endeavors. This study explored the temporal dynamics of P. falciparum population in two time points in Metehara, east-central Ethiopia. Methods The participants were quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction-confirmed patients who were recruited for uncomplicated falciparum malaria therapeutic efficacy test in 2015 and 2019. Dry blood spot samples were analysed by the nested PCR to genotype P. falciparum merozoite surface protein (msp1, msp2) and glutamate-rich protein (glurp) genes. Results While msp1, msp2 and glurp genotypes were successfully detected in 26(89.7%), 24(82.8%) and 14(48.3%) of 2015 samples (n = 29); the respective figures for 2019 (n = 41) were 31(68.3%), 39(95.1%), 25(61.0%). In 2015, the frequencies of K1, MAD20 and RO33 allelic families of msp1, and FC27 and IC/3D7 of msp2 were 19(73.1%), 8(30.6%), 14(53.8%), 21(87.5%), 12(50.5%); and in 2019 it was 15(48.4%), 19(61.3%), 15(48.4%), 30(76.9%), 27(69.2%) respectively. MAD20 has shown dominance over both K1 and RO33 in 2019 compared to the proportion in 2015. Similarly, although FC27 remained dominant, there was shifting trend in the frequency of IC/3D7 from 50.5% in 2015 to 69.2% in 2019. The multiplicity of infection (MOI) and expected heterozygosity index (He) in 2015 and 2019 were respectively [1.43 ± 0.84] and [1.15 ± 0.91], 0.3 and 0.03 for msp1. However, there was no significant association between MOI and age or parasitaemia in both time points. Conclusion The lower genetic diversity in P. falciparum population in the two time points and overall declining trend as demonstrated by the lower MOI and He may suggest better progress in malaria control in Metehara. But, the driving force and selective advantage of switching to MAD20 dominance over the other two msp1 allelic families, and the dynamics within msp2 alleles needs further investigation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T21:12:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4ece672b60ef4115b769a3a8ea32d5aa |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1475-2875 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T21:12:51Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Malaria Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-4ece672b60ef4115b769a3a8ea32d5aa2022-12-22T04:02:56ZengBMCMalaria Journal1475-28752022-09-0121111010.1186/s12936-022-04277-5Temporal dynamics of Plasmodium falciparum population in Metehara, east-central EthiopiaAbeba Gebretsadik Reda0Alebachew Messele1Hussein Mohammed2Ashenafi Assefa3Lemu Golassa4Hassen Mamo5Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa UniversityAklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa UniversityMalaria and Neglected Tropical Diseases Research Team, Ethiopian Public Health InstituteMalaria and Neglected Tropical Diseases Research Team, Ethiopian Public Health InstituteAklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa UniversityDepartment of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa UniversityAbstract Background Plasmodium falciparum is the most serious, genetically most complex and fastest-evolving malaria parasite. Information on genetic diversity of this parasite would guide policy decision and malaria elimination endeavors. This study explored the temporal dynamics of P. falciparum population in two time points in Metehara, east-central Ethiopia. Methods The participants were quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction-confirmed patients who were recruited for uncomplicated falciparum malaria therapeutic efficacy test in 2015 and 2019. Dry blood spot samples were analysed by the nested PCR to genotype P. falciparum merozoite surface protein (msp1, msp2) and glutamate-rich protein (glurp) genes. Results While msp1, msp2 and glurp genotypes were successfully detected in 26(89.7%), 24(82.8%) and 14(48.3%) of 2015 samples (n = 29); the respective figures for 2019 (n = 41) were 31(68.3%), 39(95.1%), 25(61.0%). In 2015, the frequencies of K1, MAD20 and RO33 allelic families of msp1, and FC27 and IC/3D7 of msp2 were 19(73.1%), 8(30.6%), 14(53.8%), 21(87.5%), 12(50.5%); and in 2019 it was 15(48.4%), 19(61.3%), 15(48.4%), 30(76.9%), 27(69.2%) respectively. MAD20 has shown dominance over both K1 and RO33 in 2019 compared to the proportion in 2015. Similarly, although FC27 remained dominant, there was shifting trend in the frequency of IC/3D7 from 50.5% in 2015 to 69.2% in 2019. The multiplicity of infection (MOI) and expected heterozygosity index (He) in 2015 and 2019 were respectively [1.43 ± 0.84] and [1.15 ± 0.91], 0.3 and 0.03 for msp1. However, there was no significant association between MOI and age or parasitaemia in both time points. Conclusion The lower genetic diversity in P. falciparum population in the two time points and overall declining trend as demonstrated by the lower MOI and He may suggest better progress in malaria control in Metehara. But, the driving force and selective advantage of switching to MAD20 dominance over the other two msp1 allelic families, and the dynamics within msp2 alleles needs further investigation.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-022-04277-5Merozoite surface proteins 1 and 2Glutamate-rich proteinGenetic diversityMultiplicity of infectionHeterozygosityAllelic family |
| spellingShingle | Abeba Gebretsadik Reda Alebachew Messele Hussein Mohammed Ashenafi Assefa Lemu Golassa Hassen Mamo Temporal dynamics of Plasmodium falciparum population in Metehara, east-central Ethiopia Malaria Journal Merozoite surface proteins 1 and 2 Glutamate-rich protein Genetic diversity Multiplicity of infection Heterozygosity Allelic family |
| title | Temporal dynamics of Plasmodium falciparum population in Metehara, east-central Ethiopia |
| title_full | Temporal dynamics of Plasmodium falciparum population in Metehara, east-central Ethiopia |
| title_fullStr | Temporal dynamics of Plasmodium falciparum population in Metehara, east-central Ethiopia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Temporal dynamics of Plasmodium falciparum population in Metehara, east-central Ethiopia |
| title_short | Temporal dynamics of Plasmodium falciparum population in Metehara, east-central Ethiopia |
| title_sort | temporal dynamics of plasmodium falciparum population in metehara east central ethiopia |
| topic | Merozoite surface proteins 1 and 2 Glutamate-rich protein Genetic diversity Multiplicity of infection Heterozygosity Allelic family |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-022-04277-5 |
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