Preparation and Performance Analysis of 3D Thermoformed Fluidic Polymer Temperature Sensors for Aquatic and Terrestrial Applications
Employing a combination of Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) thermoforming and 3D-printed cylindrical patterns, we carefully engineer a linear resistive temperature sensor. This intricate process involves initial PET thermoforming, yielding a hollow cylindrical chamber. This chamber is then precisely...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-10-01
|
| Series: | Sensors |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/20/8506 |
| _version_ | 1827719853406945280 |
|---|---|
| author | Jahan Zeb Gul Maryam Khan Muhammad Muqeet Rehman Zia Mohy Ud Din Woo Young Kim |
| author_facet | Jahan Zeb Gul Maryam Khan Muhammad Muqeet Rehman Zia Mohy Ud Din Woo Young Kim |
| author_sort | Jahan Zeb Gul |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Employing a combination of Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) thermoforming and 3D-printed cylindrical patterns, we carefully engineer a linear resistive temperature sensor. This intricate process involves initial PET thermoforming, yielding a hollow cylindrical chamber. This chamber is then precisely infused with a composite fluid of graphite and water glue. Ensuring electrical connectivity, both ends are affixed with metal wires and securely sealed using a hot gun. This cost-effective, versatile sensor adeptly gauges temperature shifts by assessing composite fluid resistance alterations. Its PET outer surface grants immunity to water and solubility concerns, enabling application in aquatic and aerial settings without extra encapsulation. Rigorous testing reveals the sensor’s linearity and stability within a 10 °C to 60 °C range, whether submerged or airborne. Beyond 65 °C, plastic deformation arises. To mitigate hysteresis, a 58 °C operational limit is recommended. Examining fluidic composite width and length effects, we ascertain a 12 Ω/°C sensitivity for these linear sensors, a hallmark of their precision. Impressive response and recovery times of 4 and 8 s, respectively, highlight their efficiency. These findings endorse thermoforming’s potential for fabricating advanced temperature sensors. This cost-effective approach’s adaptability underscores its viability for diverse applications. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:54:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4ed4999594b3459ea6f3816ecf705dea |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:54:35Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-4ed4999594b3459ea6f3816ecf705dea2023-11-19T18:03:57ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202023-10-012320850610.3390/s23208506Preparation and Performance Analysis of 3D Thermoformed Fluidic Polymer Temperature Sensors for Aquatic and Terrestrial ApplicationsJahan Zeb Gul0Maryam Khan1Muhammad Muqeet Rehman2Zia Mohy Ud Din3Woo Young Kim4Department of Mechatronics and Biomedical Engineering, AIR University, Islamabad 44000, PakistanDepartment of Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Applied Energy System, Jeju National University, Jeju 63241, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Applied Energy System, Jeju National University, Jeju 63241, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Mechatronics and Biomedical Engineering, AIR University, Islamabad 44000, PakistanDepartment of Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Applied Energy System, Jeju National University, Jeju 63241, Republic of KoreaEmploying a combination of Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) thermoforming and 3D-printed cylindrical patterns, we carefully engineer a linear resistive temperature sensor. This intricate process involves initial PET thermoforming, yielding a hollow cylindrical chamber. This chamber is then precisely infused with a composite fluid of graphite and water glue. Ensuring electrical connectivity, both ends are affixed with metal wires and securely sealed using a hot gun. This cost-effective, versatile sensor adeptly gauges temperature shifts by assessing composite fluid resistance alterations. Its PET outer surface grants immunity to water and solubility concerns, enabling application in aquatic and aerial settings without extra encapsulation. Rigorous testing reveals the sensor’s linearity and stability within a 10 °C to 60 °C range, whether submerged or airborne. Beyond 65 °C, plastic deformation arises. To mitigate hysteresis, a 58 °C operational limit is recommended. Examining fluidic composite width and length effects, we ascertain a 12 Ω/°C sensitivity for these linear sensors, a hallmark of their precision. Impressive response and recovery times of 4 and 8 s, respectively, highlight their efficiency. These findings endorse thermoforming’s potential for fabricating advanced temperature sensors. This cost-effective approach’s adaptability underscores its viability for diverse applications.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/20/8506graphite–glue polymertemperature sensorthermoformingfluidic compositeunderwater |
| spellingShingle | Jahan Zeb Gul Maryam Khan Muhammad Muqeet Rehman Zia Mohy Ud Din Woo Young Kim Preparation and Performance Analysis of 3D Thermoformed Fluidic Polymer Temperature Sensors for Aquatic and Terrestrial Applications Sensors graphite–glue polymer temperature sensor thermoforming fluidic composite underwater |
| title | Preparation and Performance Analysis of 3D Thermoformed Fluidic Polymer Temperature Sensors for Aquatic and Terrestrial Applications |
| title_full | Preparation and Performance Analysis of 3D Thermoformed Fluidic Polymer Temperature Sensors for Aquatic and Terrestrial Applications |
| title_fullStr | Preparation and Performance Analysis of 3D Thermoformed Fluidic Polymer Temperature Sensors for Aquatic and Terrestrial Applications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Preparation and Performance Analysis of 3D Thermoformed Fluidic Polymer Temperature Sensors for Aquatic and Terrestrial Applications |
| title_short | Preparation and Performance Analysis of 3D Thermoformed Fluidic Polymer Temperature Sensors for Aquatic and Terrestrial Applications |
| title_sort | preparation and performance analysis of 3d thermoformed fluidic polymer temperature sensors for aquatic and terrestrial applications |
| topic | graphite–glue polymer temperature sensor thermoforming fluidic composite underwater |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/20/8506 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jahanzebgul preparationandperformanceanalysisof3dthermoformedfluidicpolymertemperaturesensorsforaquaticandterrestrialapplications AT maryamkhan preparationandperformanceanalysisof3dthermoformedfluidicpolymertemperaturesensorsforaquaticandterrestrialapplications AT muhammadmuqeetrehman preparationandperformanceanalysisof3dthermoformedfluidicpolymertemperaturesensorsforaquaticandterrestrialapplications AT ziamohyuddin preparationandperformanceanalysisof3dthermoformedfluidicpolymertemperaturesensorsforaquaticandterrestrialapplications AT wooyoungkim preparationandperformanceanalysisof3dthermoformedfluidicpolymertemperaturesensorsforaquaticandterrestrialapplications |